


Database performance optimization skills: comparison between MySQL and TiDB
Jul 11, 2023 pm 11:54 PMDatabase performance optimization skills: Comparison between MySQL and TiDB
In recent years, with the continuous growth of data scale and business needs, database performance optimization has become the focus of many enterprises. Among database systems, MySQL has always been favored by developers for its wide application and mature and stable features. TiDB, a new generation of distributed database system that has emerged in recent years, has attracted much attention for its powerful horizontal scalability and high availability. This article will be based on two typical database systems, MySQL and TiDB, to discuss their different characteristics in performance optimization, and give some common performance optimization techniques.
- Database architecture design
In the architecture design of the database system, MySQL and TiDB are obviously different. MySQL uses a master-slave architecture, where write operations are performed through the master database and read operations are performed on the slave database to share the load on the database. MySQL performance can be improved by optimizing in terms of read and write separation.
TiDB adopts a distributed architecture, which achieves horizontal expansion of the database by distributing data across multiple nodes. In this way, even if the amount of data increases, the throughput of the system can be improved by adding nodes.
- Index optimization
In a database system, indexing is one of the important means to improve query performance. In MySQL, we can use the EXPLAIN command to analyze the query plan to determine whether the query uses indexes. If a query does not use an index or uses an inappropriate index, you can improve query performance by creating an appropriate index.
In TiDB, you can improve query performance by using TiDB's automatic index management and optimization functions. TiDB will automatically create and delete indexes based on the frequency and scale of queries to better adapt to different business scenarios.
The following is sample code for creating indexes using MySQL and TiDB respectively:
MySQL index creation example:
CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);
TiDB index creation example:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD INDEX index_name (column_name);
- Partition table and sharding technology
When the amount of data is large, partition table and sharding technology can effectively improve the query performance and writing capabilities of the database.
MySQL disperses data into multiple physical tables through partition tables, thereby reducing the amount of data in a single table. This allows you to search only specific partitions when querying, improving query performance. Sharding technology divides data into multiple database nodes to achieve the effect of distributed load.
TiDB realizes automatic data sharding and dispersion through its own distributed architecture, eliminating the need for manual configuration. Just add nodes according to your business needs.
The following is sample code for creating partitioned tables and shards using MySQL and TiDB:
MySQL partition table creation example:
CREATE TABLE table_name ( ... ) PARTITION BY RANGE(column_name) ( PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100), PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (200), PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) );
TiDB shard creation example:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (100)); ALTER TABLE table_name ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (200));
- Cache Optimization
Cache is an important means to reduce database reading pressure and improve query performance. In MySQL, query results can be cached by using the query cache. Query performance can be improved by setting appropriate cache sizes and cache invalidation policies.
In TiDB, you can use TiKV's cache to improve query performance. TiKV uses RocksDB as the storage engine and uses cache to speed up queries. At the same time, TiDB also supports using Redis as a cache to improve query performance.
The following is a sample code for optimizing query cache using MySQL and TiDB respectively:
MySQL query cache optimization example:
SET GLOBAL query_cache_size = 1000000;
TiDB cache optimization example:
SET GLOBAL tikv_gc_memory_barrier = 100;
Summary:
By comparing the performance optimization of the two database systems MySQL and TiDB, we can see that they have certain differences in database architecture design, index optimization, partition table and sharding technology, and cache optimization. . In practical applications, we should select appropriate performance optimization techniques based on the characteristics and business needs of the database system to improve the performance and availability of the database.
The above is the detailed content of Database performance optimization skills: comparison between MySQL and TiDB. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

1. The first choice for the Laravel MySQL Vue/React combination in the PHP development question and answer community is the first choice for Laravel MySQL Vue/React combination, due to its maturity in the ecosystem and high development efficiency; 2. High performance requires dependence on cache (Redis), database optimization, CDN and asynchronous queues; 3. Security must be done with input filtering, CSRF protection, HTTPS, password encryption and permission control; 4. Money optional advertising, member subscription, rewards, commissions, knowledge payment and other models, the core is to match community tone and user needs.

There are three main ways to set environment variables in PHP: 1. Global configuration through php.ini; 2. Passed through a web server (such as SetEnv of Apache or fastcgi_param of Nginx); 3. Use putenv() function in PHP scripts. Among them, php.ini is suitable for global and infrequently changing configurations, web server configuration is suitable for scenarios that need to be isolated, and putenv() is suitable for temporary variables. Persistence policies include configuration files (such as php.ini or web server configuration), .env files are loaded with dotenv library, and dynamic injection of variables in CI/CD processes. Security management sensitive information should be avoided hard-coded, and it is recommended to use.en

To achieve MySQL deployment automation, the key is to use Terraform to define resources, Ansible management configuration, Git for version control, and strengthen security and permission management. 1. Use Terraform to define MySQL instances, such as the version, type, access control and other resource attributes of AWSRDS; 2. Use AnsiblePlaybook to realize detailed configurations such as database user creation, permission settings, etc.; 3. All configuration files are included in Git management, support change tracking and collaborative development; 4. Avoid hard-coded sensitive information, use Vault or AnsibleVault to manage passwords, and set access control and minimum permission principles.

To collect user behavior data, you need to record browsing, search, purchase and other information into the database through PHP, and clean and analyze it to explore interest preferences; 2. The selection of recommendation algorithms should be determined based on data characteristics: based on content, collaborative filtering, rules or mixed recommendations; 3. Collaborative filtering can be implemented in PHP to calculate user cosine similarity, select K nearest neighbors, weighted prediction scores and recommend high-scoring products; 4. Performance evaluation uses accuracy, recall, F1 value and CTR, conversion rate and verify the effect through A/B tests; 5. Cold start problems can be alleviated through product attributes, user registration information, popular recommendations and expert evaluations; 6. Performance optimization methods include cached recommendation results, asynchronous processing, distributed computing and SQL query optimization, thereby improving recommendation efficiency and user experience.

Why do I need SSL/TLS encryption MySQL connection? Because unencrypted connections may cause sensitive data to be intercepted, enabling SSL/TLS can prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and meet compliance requirements; 2. How to configure SSL/TLS for MySQL? You need to generate a certificate and a private key, modify the configuration file to specify the ssl-ca, ssl-cert and ssl-key paths and restart the service; 3. How to force SSL when the client connects? Implemented by specifying REQUIRESSL or REQUIREX509 when creating a user; 4. Details that are easily overlooked in SSL configuration include certificate path permissions, certificate expiration issues, and client configuration requirements.

PHP plays the role of connector and brain center in intelligent customer service, responsible for connecting front-end input, database storage and external AI services; 2. When implementing it, it is necessary to build a multi-layer architecture: the front-end receives user messages, the PHP back-end preprocesses and routes requests, first matches the local knowledge base, and misses, call external AI services such as OpenAI or Dialogflow to obtain intelligent reply; 3. Session management is written to MySQL and other databases by PHP to ensure context continuity; 4. Integrated AI services need to use Guzzle to send HTTP requests, safely store APIKeys, and do a good job of error handling and response analysis; 5. Database design must include sessions, messages, knowledge bases, and user tables, reasonably build indexes, ensure security and performance, and support robot memory

When choosing a suitable PHP framework, you need to consider comprehensively according to project needs: Laravel is suitable for rapid development and provides EloquentORM and Blade template engines, which are convenient for database operation and dynamic form rendering; Symfony is more flexible and suitable for complex systems; CodeIgniter is lightweight and suitable for simple applications with high performance requirements. 2. To ensure the accuracy of AI models, we need to start with high-quality data training, reasonable selection of evaluation indicators (such as accuracy, recall, F1 value), regular performance evaluation and model tuning, and ensure code quality through unit testing and integration testing, while continuously monitoring the input data to prevent data drift. 3. Many measures are required to protect user privacy: encrypt and store sensitive data (such as AES

To enable PHP containers to support automatic construction, the core lies in configuring the continuous integration (CI) process. 1. Use Dockerfile to define the PHP environment, including basic image, extension installation, dependency management and permission settings; 2. Configure CI/CD tools such as GitLabCI, and define the build, test and deployment stages through the .gitlab-ci.yml file to achieve automatic construction, testing and deployment; 3. Integrate test frameworks such as PHPUnit to ensure that tests are automatically run after code changes; 4. Use automated deployment strategies such as Kubernetes to define deployment configuration through the deployment.yaml file; 5. Optimize Dockerfile and adopt multi-stage construction
