When we write code, we usually develop it on our own computer first, and then deploy the code to the server. If a piece of code involves reading and writing a database, or accessing some other online service interfaces, then during development, in order not to affect the online environment, we usually separate the database in the test environment and the database in the online environment.

For example, our program needs to access MongoDB and Redis, so in the code, we may write like this:

import?pymongo
import?redis

handler?=?pymongo.MongoClient('mongodb://username:password@127.0.0.1:27017').db.col
client?=?redis.Redis(host='127.0.0.1',?port=6379,?password='xxxx')

When you want to deploy the program to the online environment, you manually change the MongoDB connection parameters and Redis connection parameters in the code to the parameters of the online environment. Then submit the code to Git, pull the latest code on the server and deploy it.

However, when you want to modify a new function and test it again, you need to modify these connection parameters to the parameters of the test environment and operate on your own computer. If you forget to modify and run directly, dirty data may be written to the online environment.

So, someone may use environment variables to control the parameters read, for example:

import?os
import?redis
import?pymongo

if?os.getenv('env',?'prod'):??#?線上環(huán)境?
????MONGODB_URI?=?'mongodb://username:password@xx.xx.xx.xx:27017'
????REDIS_PARAMS?=?{'host':?'xx.xx.xx.xx',?'port':?6379,?'password':?'xxxx'}
else:??#?測(cè)試環(huán)境
????MONGODB_URI?=?'mongodb://username:password@127.0.0.1:27017'
????REDIS_PARAMS?=?{'host':?'127.0.0.1',?'port':?6379,?'password':?'xxxx'}

handler?=?pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI).db.col
client?=?redis.Redis(**REDIS_PARAMS)

In this way, you don’t need to manually modify the connection parameters of the database. Just set the environment variable env of the online environment to prod, and then the program will be deployed to the online environment. It automatically uses the parameters of the online database. As long as the environment variable env is not prod elsewhere, such as on your computer, or the environment variable simply does not exist, the parameters of the development environment will be automatically used.

Doing this does avoid problems caused by forgetting to modify parameters, but there is another problem: if other people also have access to this Git source, then they will know how to connect to the database in the online environment. They even manipulate data in the online environment without authorization, causing security risks or privacy leaks.

In order to be more secure, you can use a special file to store the configuration parameters, and the program reads the parameters from the file. The online environment file contains online parameters, and the development environment file contains development parameters. This configuration file is not uploaded to Git.

For example, we create a config.json file whose content is:

{
????"MONGODB_URI":?"mongodb://username:password@127.0.0.1:27017",
????"REDIS_PARAMS":?{"host":?"127.0.0.1",?"port":?6379,?"password":?"xxxx"}
}

Then our code is modified like this:

import?os
import?json
import?redis
import?pymongo

CONFIG_PATH?=?'/etc/config/config.json'
if?not?os.path.exists(CONFIG_PATH):
????print('配置文件不存在，自動(dòng)使用測(cè)試環(huán)境參數(shù)！')
????MONGODB_URI?=?'mongodb://username:password@127.0.0.1:27017'
????REDIS_PARAMS?=?{'host':?'127.0.0.1',?'port':?6379,?'password':?'xxxx'}
else:
????with?open(CONFIG_PATH,?encoding='utf-8')?as?f:
????????config?=?json.load(f)
????????MONGODB_URI?=?config['MONGODB_URI']
????????REDIS_PARAMS?=?config["REDIS_PARAMS"]
????
handler?=?pymongo.MongoClient(MONGODB_URI).db.col
client?=?redis.Redis(**REDIS_PARAMS)

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