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escape html

May 27, 2023 am 10:28 AM

HTML轉(zhuǎn)義:讓網(wǎng)頁更安全穩(wěn)定

HTML(HyperText Markup Language)是構(gòu)建網(wǎng)頁的基本語言,它通過標簽和屬性描述文本、圖像、超鏈接等元素的呈現(xiàn)方式。然而,在HTML中使用某些特殊字符時,往往會導致顯示或解析錯誤的問題。為了解決這些問題,HTML轉(zhuǎn)義應運而生。

什么是HTML轉(zhuǎn)義?

HTML轉(zhuǎn)義指的是將HTML中的特殊字符轉(zhuǎn)換為安全的字符實體,以防止瀏覽器將這些字符解析為標簽或其他意義。比如,“<”符號將會被解析為標簽的開始,“&”符號會被解析為轉(zhuǎn)義字符,如果不進行轉(zhuǎn)義處理,將導致網(wǎng)頁顯示出錯或被黑客利用進行惡意攻擊。

HTML 轉(zhuǎn)義符

HTML轉(zhuǎn)義符一般以&開頭,以;結(jié)尾,包含一到多個字母或數(shù)字。這里是常見的HTML轉(zhuǎn)義符及其代表的字符:

HTML 轉(zhuǎn)義實例

比如在HTML中要顯示"Mickey & Minnie",需要把&符號轉(zhuǎn)義為&,所以正確的寫法是:

Mickey &amp; Minnie

同樣地,要顯示"",應該使用<和>將其轉(zhuǎn)義:

&lt;html&gt;

轉(zhuǎn)義的應用場景

HTML中大量使用了一些特殊字符,像小于號(<)、大于號(>)、單引號(')、雙引號(")和&符號等。如果這些特殊字符沒有進行轉(zhuǎn)義,瀏覽器會將它們解析為HTML標簽或其他語言的處理指令,這就會破壞原本的網(wǎng)頁結(jié)構(gòu),導致顯示錯誤或還會誘發(fā)一些安全問題。為了確保網(wǎng)頁能正確地呈現(xiàn),而不會對安全穩(wěn)定帶來影響,發(fā)布內(nèi)容時一定要及時做好HTML轉(zhuǎn)義的處理。

結(jié)語

HTML轉(zhuǎn)義是保障網(wǎng)站安全穩(wěn)定的重要手段之一,可以有效地防止XSS攻擊、SQL注入等安全問題的產(chǎn)生。在編寫網(wǎng)頁時,進行轉(zhuǎn)義處理是必須的,不僅可以提高網(wǎng)頁的可讀性,而且可以保證網(wǎng)頁的可靠性。尤其是在用戶輸入內(nèi)容后,需要先對特殊字符進行轉(zhuǎn)義,才能存儲到數(shù)據(jù)庫中,同時也要在輸出到瀏覽器前進行轉(zhuǎn)義,以免出現(xiàn)安全問題。

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