The key to optimizing Vue application performance is to start from four aspects: initial loading, responsive control, rendering efficiency and dependency management. 1. Use routes and components to lazy load, reduce the initial package volume through dynamic import; 2. Avoid unnecessary responsive data, and store static content with Object.freeze() or non-responsive variables; 3. Use v-once instructions, compute attribute cache and keep-alive components to reduce the overhead of repeated rendering; 4. Monitor the package volume, streamline third-party dependencies and split code blocks to improve loading speed. Together, these methods ensure smooth and scalable applications.

End-to-end testing is used to verify whether the overall process of Vue application is working properly, involving real user behavior simulations. It covers interaction with applications such as clicking buttons, filling in forms; checking whether the data obtained by the API is displayed correctly; ensuring that operations trigger correct changes across components; common tools include Cypress, Playwright, and Selenium; when writing tests, you should use the data-cy attribute to select elements, avoid relying on easily volatile content, and reasonably mockAPI calls; it should be run after the unit test is passed, and integrated into the CI/CD pipeline, while paying attention to dealing with the instability caused by asynchronous operations.

The computed properties of Vue.js cannot directly accept parameters, which is determined by its design characteristics, but can be implemented indirectly through the computed properties of methods or return functions. 1. Methods: Parameters can be passed and used in templates or listeners, such as formatName('John','Doe'); 2. Encapsulate the computed attributes into the form of a return function: such as formatName returns a function that accepts parameters, and call formatName()('Jane','Smith') in the template. The method of use is usually recommended because it is clearer and easier to maintain, and the way of returning functions is suitable for special scenarios where internal state and external values ??are required.

ToaddtransitionsandanimationsinVue,usebuilt-incomponentslikeand,applyCSSclasses,leveragetransitionhooksforcontrol,andoptimizeperformance.1.WrapelementswithandapplyCSStransitionclasseslikev-enter-activeforbasicfadeorslideeffects.2.Useforanimatingdynam

To handle API errors in Vue, you must first distinguish the error types and handle them uniformly to improve the user experience. The specific methods are as follows: 1. Distinguish the error types, such as network disconnection, non-2xx status code, request timeout, business logic error, etc., and make different responses through judgment error.response in the request; 2. Use the axios interceptor to realize a unified error handling mechanism, and perform corresponding operations according to the status code in the response interceptor, such as 401 jumps to login page, 404 prompts the resource does not exist, etc.; 3. Pay attention to user experience, feedback errors through Toast prompts, error banners, retry buttons, etc., and close the loading status in a timely manner. These methods can effectively improve the robustness and user-friendliness of the application.

TheVuecreatedlifecyclehookisusedforearlycomponentinitializationtasksthatdonotrequireDOMaccess.Itrunsafterdatapropertiesaremadereactive,computedpropertiesaresetup,methodsarebound,andwatchersareactive,butbeforethetemplateisrenderedorDOMelementsarecreat

nextTick is used in Vue to wait for the DOM to be updated before performing operations that depend on the DOM state. When data changes, Vue asynchronously batch updates the DOM to improve performance, so directly accessing or operating the DOM may not be able to get the latest status; using nextTick ensures that the code runs after the DOM is updated. Common scenarios include: 1. Accessing the updated DOM element size; 2. Focusing on the input box after rendering; 3. Triggering third-party libraries that rely on DOM; 4. Reading layout attributes such as offsetHeight. Use this.$nextTick() or awaitthis.$nextTick() to avoid errors and need to move the DOM operation into the nextTick callback.

Server-siderendering(SSR)inVueimprovesperformanceandSEObygeneratingHTMLontheserver.1.TheserverrunsVueappcodeandgeneratesHTMLbasedonthecurrentroute.2.ThatHTMLissenttothebrowserimmediately.3.Vuehydratesthepage,attachingeventlistenerstomakeitinteractive