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Algorithm learning - Java implements the longest common subsequence

Nov 03, 2020 pm 04:06 PM
java algorithm

Algorithm learning - Java implements the longest common subsequence

實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>

輸入兩個(gè)相同類型的序列,用動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃方法計(jì)算他們的最長公共子序列的長度以及序列。

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思路:

1、先用一個(gè)二維數(shù)組存儲(chǔ)最長公共子序列的長度,還要記錄每個(gè)值的狀態(tài)

2、根據(jù)記錄值的狀態(tài),遞歸回溯求出最長公共子序列

3、遞歸方程:

Algorithm learning - Java implements the longest common subsequence

代碼實(shí)現(xiàn):

package c最長公共子序列;

import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @author Draco
 * @see 最長公共子序列(Longest common subsequence)
 * @version 
 * @date-time 2020-04-27 - 下午4:23:36
 */
public class LCS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 測(cè)試字符串:ABCBDAB BDCABA
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
		System.out.println("注意:第一個(gè)串要長于第二個(gè)串");
		System.out.print("請(qǐng)輸入第一個(gè)字符串:");
		String string1 = scanner.next();
		System.out.print("請(qǐng)輸入第二個(gè)字符串:");
		String string2 = scanner.next();
		String str1 = string1;
		String str2 = string2;

//		String str1 = "ABCBDAB";
//		String str2 = "BDCABA";

		int[][] c = getSubstringMatrix(str1, str2);
		String[][] b = getTrace(str1, str2);
		System.out.println("長度矩陣:");
		show(c);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println("方向矩陣:");
		showForString(b);
		System.out.println("最長公共子序列的長度:" + c[str1.length()][str2.length()]);
		String sMax = str1.length() > str2.length() ? str1 : str2; // 選擇最長的串,因?yàn)橐〕鲎畲笞哟?		String sMin = str1.length() < str2.length() ? str1 : str2; // 選擇最小的串
		System.out.print("最長公共子串:");
		print(b, sMax, sMax.length(), sMin.length());
	}

	/**
	 * @see 找出子序列的矩陣,其中最后一行,最后一列就是最長子序列的的長度
	 * @param x 第一個(gè)字符串
	 * @param y 第二個(gè)字符串
	 * @return 長度矩陣
	 */
	public static int[][] getSubstringMatrix(String x, String y) {
		int xLen = x.length() + 1; // 加1是因?yàn)槌跏蓟谝粋€(gè)為0
		int yLen = y.length() + 1;

		int rLen = xLen > yLen ? xLen : yLen; // 大的串置為行
		int cLen = xLen < yLen ? xLen : yLen; // 小的串置為列
		int[][] c = new int[rLen][cLen]; // 矩陣c保存狀態(tài)
		for (int i = 1; i < rLen; i++) {
			for (int j = 1; j < cLen; j++) {
				if (x.charAt(i - 1) == y.charAt(j - 1)) {
					// 相等,由斜對(duì)角線+1
					c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
				} else if (c[i - 1][j] >= c[i][j - 1]) {
					// 不相等,選取較大的
					c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j];
				} else {
					c[i][j] = c[i][j - 1];
				}
			}
		}
		return c; // 長度矩陣
	}

	/**
	 * @see 記錄每個(gè)值的狀態(tài),這樣方便后面的回溯遞歸
	 * @param x 第一個(gè)字符串
	 * @param y 第二個(gè)字符串
	 * @return 方向矩陣
	 */
	public static String[][] getTrace(String x, String y) {
		int xLen = x.length() + 1;
		int yLen = y.length() + 1;

		// 給矩陣c和b設(shè)置行和列
		int rLen = xLen > yLen ? xLen : yLen;// 大的串置為行
		int cLen = xLen < yLen ? xLen : yLen;// 小的串置為列
		int[][] c = new int[rLen][cLen];
		String[][] b = new String[rLen][cLen];
		for (int i = 1; i < rLen; i++) {
			for (int j = 1; j < cLen; j++) {
				if (x.charAt(i - 1) == y.charAt(j - 1)) {// 相等
					c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;
					b[i][j] = "\\\\";// 指向左上角
				} else if (c[i - 1][j] >= c[i][j - 1]) {// 不相等
					// 當(dāng)上面的數(shù)值大
					c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j];
					b[i][j] = "|";// 指向上邊
				} else {
					// 當(dāng)下面的數(shù)值大
					c[i][j] = c[i][j - 1];
					b[i][j] = "——";// 指向左邊
				}
			}
		}
		return b;// 方向矩陣
	}

	/**
	 * @see 遞歸實(shí)現(xiàn)回溯,然后打印出最長公共子序列
	 * @param b 方向矩陣
	 * @param s 較長的字符串
	 * @param i 較長串的長度
	 * @param j 較短串的長度
	 */
	public static void print(String[][] b, String s, int i, int j) {
		// 遞歸終止的條件
		if (i == 0 || j == 0) {
			return;
		}

		// 判斷遞歸進(jìn)行的條件
		if (b[i][j].equals("\\\\")) {
			// 遇到斜線,遞歸到左上角
			print(b, s, i - 1, j - 1);
			System.out.print(s.charAt(i - 1) + " ");
		} else if (b[i][j].equals("|")) {
			// 遇到豎線,遞歸到上邊
			print(b, s, i - 1, j);
		} else if (b[i][j].equals("——")) {
			// 遇到橫線,遞歸到左邊
			print(b, s, i, j - 1);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @see 打印二維數(shù)組
	 * @param b 一個(gè)二維數(shù)組
	 */
	public static void show(int[][] b) {
		for (int w = 0; w < b.length; w++) {
			for (int p = 0; p < b[w].length; p++) {
				System.out.print(b[w][p] + "\\t");
				if (p == b[w].length - 1) {
					System.out.println();
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @see 打印字符串的二維數(shù)組
	 * @param b 一個(gè)字符串的二位數(shù)組
	 */
	public static void showForString(String[][] b) {
		for (int w = 1; w < b.length; w++) {
			System.out.print("\\t");
			for (int p = 1; p < b[w].length; p++) {
				System.out.print(b[w][p] + "\\t");
				if (p == b[w].length - 1) {
					System.out.println();
				}
			}
		}
	}

}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果:

Algorithm learning - Java implements the longest common subsequence

相關(guān)推薦:java入門

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