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Home Java JavaBase Summary of Java methods to determine whether a variable is a number

Summary of Java methods to determine whether a variable is a number

Nov 25, 2019 am 10:34 AM
java

Summary of Java methods to determine whether a variable is a number

java判斷變量是不是數(shù)字方法:(相關(guān)視頻課程推薦:java視頻教程

1、用JAVA自帶的函數(shù)

public static boolean isNumeric(String str){
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++){
   System.out.println(str.charAt(i));
   if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))){
    return false;
   }
}
return true;
}

2、用正則表達(dá)式

首先要import java.util.regex.Pattern 和 java.util.regex.Matcher

public boolean isNumeric(String str){
   Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[0-9]*");
   Matcher isNum = pattern.matcher(str);
   if( !isNum.matches() ){
       return false;
   }
   return true;
}

3、使用org.apache.commons.lang

org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
boolean isNunicodeDigits=StringUtils.isNumeric("aaa123456789");
http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/lang/api-release/index.html下面的解釋:
isNumeric
public static boolean isNumeric(String str)Checks if the String contains only unicode digits. A decimal point is not a unicode digit and returns false.
null will return false. An empty String ("") will return true.
StringUtils.isNumeric(null)   = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("")     = true
StringUtils.isNumeric(" ")   = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("123") = true
StringUtils.isNumeric("12 3") = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("ab2c") = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("12-3") = false
StringUtils.isNumeric("12.3") = false
Parameters:
str - the String to check, may be null
Returns:
true if only contains digits, and is non-null

上面三種方式中,第二種方式比較靈活。

第一、三種方式只能校驗(yàn)不含負(fù)號(hào)“-”的數(shù)字,即輸入一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)-199,輸出結(jié)果將是false;

而第二方式則可以通過(guò)修改正則表達(dá)式實(shí)現(xiàn)校驗(yàn)負(fù)數(shù),將正則表達(dá)式修改為“^-?[0-9]+”即可,修改為“-?[0-9]+.?[0-9]+”即可匹配所有數(shù)字。

如果我輸入的是"a“,它能識(shí)別出來(lái)這個(gè)不是數(shù)字,該怎么寫(xiě)?

import java.io.* ;
import java.util.* ;
public class Test{
public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception{
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入數(shù)字:");
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
   String line=br.readLine();
    if(line.matches("\\d+"))     //正則表達(dá)式 詳細(xì)見(jiàn)java.util.regex 類 Pattern
   System.out.println("數(shù)字");
   else
   System.out.println("非數(shù)字");
}
}

("\d")是數(shù)字0-9 ("\\d+")是什么意思?

正則表達(dá)式用兩個(gè)斜杠表示一個(gè)斜杠,后面跟著一個(gè)加號(hào)表示出現(xiàn)一次或多次,完整的意思就是整個(gè)字符串中僅包含一個(gè)或多個(gè)數(shù)字。

4、判斷ASCII碼值

 public static boolean isNumeric0(String str){
  for(int i=str.length();--i>=0;){
   int chr=str.charAt(i);
   if(chr<48 || chr>57)
    return false;
  }
  return true;
 }

5、逐個(gè)判斷str中的字符是否是0-9

 public static boolean isNumeric3(String str){
  final String number = "0123456789";
  for(int i = 0;i
            if(number.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) == -1){  
             return false;  
            }  
  }  
  return true;
 }

6、捕獲NumberFormatException異常

 public static boolean isNumeric00(String str){
  try{
   Integer.parseInt(str);
   return true;
  }catch(NumberFormatException e){
   System.out.println("異常:\"" + str + "\"不是數(shù)字/整數(shù)...");
   return false;
  }
 }

ps:不提倡使用方法6,原因如下:

1、NumberFormatException是用來(lái)處理異常的,最好不要用來(lái)控制流程的。

2、雖然捕捉一次異常很容易,但是創(chuàng)建一次異常會(huì)消耗很多的系統(tǒng)資源,因?yàn)樗o整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)作一個(gè)快照。

看一下JDK源碼:

 public static long parseLong(String s,int radix)  
         throws NumberFormatException  
 {  
    if(s == null){  
       throw   new   NumberFormatException("null");  
    }  
    if(radix < Character.MIN_RADIX){  
           throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
           " less than Character.MIN_RADIX");  
    }  
    if(radix > Character.MAX_RADIX){  
           throw new NumberFormatException("radix " + radix +
           " greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");  
    }  
    long result = 0;  
    boolean negative = false;
    int i = 0,max = s.length();  
    long limit;  
    long multmin;  
    int digit;
    if(max > 0){  
     if(s.charAt(0) == &#39;-&#39;){  
      negative = true;  
      limit = Long.MIN_VALUE;
      i++;
     }else{
      limit = -Long.MAX_VALUE;
     }  
     multmin = limit / radix;
     if(i < max){  
      digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);  
      if(digit < 0){
            throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }else{  
            result = -digit;
      }  
     }  
     while(i < max){  
      // Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
      digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i++),radix);  
      if(digit < 0){  
       throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }  
      if(result < multmin){  
       throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }  
      result *= radix;  
      if(result < limit + digit){  
       throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
      }  
      result -= digit;  
    }  
    }else{  
     throw   new   NumberFormatException(s);  
    }  
    if(negative){  
     if(i > 1){  
      return result;
     }else{  
      throw new NumberFormatException(s);  
     }  
    }else{  
     return   -result;  
    }  
 }

可以看出來(lái)jdk里也是一個(gè)字符一個(gè)字符的判斷,如果有一個(gè)不是數(shù)字就拋出NumberFormatException,所以還不如這個(gè)工作由我們自己來(lái)做,還省得再拋出一次異常。

更多java相關(guān)文章請(qǐng)關(guān)注java基礎(chǔ)教程。

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