php.ini中關(guān)于文件上傳的設(shè)置指令
文件上傳過程
（1）上傳文件提交表單html代碼：
<!--向服務(wù)器上傳文件的HTML表單（限制為文本文件）--> <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Adminstration - upoload new files</title> </head> <body> <h1>Upload new files</h1> <form action="upload.php" method="post" enctyple="multipart/form-data" > <!--enctyple:規(guī)定在發(fā)送到服務(wù)器之前對(duì)表單數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行編碼的方式（在上傳控件時(shí)必須按照以上方式設(shè)置該屬性）--> <div> <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="1000000"> <!--規(guī)定傳輸文件的最大字節(jié)數(shù)--> <label for="userfile">Upload a file</label> <!--在<label>內(nèi)點(diǎn)擊文本，會(huì)觸發(fā)該控件，此時(shí)瀏覽器會(huì)自動(dòng)對(duì)焦到標(biāo)簽for屬性所指向的表單控件上面--> <input type="file" name="userfile" id="userfile"> <!--id屬性為<label>標(biāo)簽for所指向控件元素的id號(hào)--> <input type="submit" value="Send File"> </div> </form> </body> </html>
（2）php處理上傳文件代碼
①在php腳本中，需要處理的數(shù)據(jù)保存在超級(jí)變量數(shù)組$_FILES中，開啟register_globals指令可以直接通過變量名訪問這些信息；
②假如表單變量名為“username“則有：
$_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name']：儲(chǔ)存文件在Web服務(wù)器中的臨時(shí)保存位置；
$_FILES['userfile']['name']：儲(chǔ)存用戶系統(tǒng)中文件的名稱；
$_FILES['userfile']['size']：儲(chǔ)存文件的大??；
$_FILES['userfile']['type']：儲(chǔ)存文件的類型；
$_FILES['userfile']['error]：儲(chǔ)存任何與文件上傳相關(guān)的錯(cuò)誤代碼；
錯(cuò)誤類型說明：
UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE：1，上傳的文件超過了 php.ini 中 upload_max_filesize 選項(xiàng)限制的值。
UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE：2，上傳文件的大小超過了 HTML 表單中 MAX_FILE_SIZE 選項(xiàng)指定的值。
UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL：3，文件只有部分被上傳。
UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE：4，沒有文件被上傳。
UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR：6，找不到臨時(shí)文件夾。PHP 4.3.10 和 PHP 5.0.3 引進(jìn)。
UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE：7，文件寫入失敗。PHP 5.1.0 引進(jìn)。
③php代碼
<?php
//檢驗(yàn)文件傳輸異常
if($_FILES['userfile']['error']>0){
echo 'Problem';
switch($_FILES['userfile']['error']){
case 1: echo 'File exceeded upload_max_filesize';break;
case 2: echo 'File exceeded max_file_size';break;
case 3: echo 'File only partially upload';break;
case 4: echo 'No file uploaded';break;
case 6: echo 'Cannot upload file: No temp directory specified';break;
case 7: echo 'Upload failed:Cannot write to disk';break;
}
exit;
}
//檢驗(yàn)傳輸?shù)奈募欠駷槲谋疚募?
if($_FILES['userfile']['type'] != 'text/plain'){
echo 'Problem: file is not plain text';
exit;
}
//將上傳文件包含在服務(wù)器中/uploads/的目錄下（該目錄必須獨(dú)立于Web文檔樹）
$upfile = '/uploads/'.$_FILES['userfile']['name']; //在指定目錄下以傳輸文件的文件名創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新文件
if(is_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'])){
if(! move_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'],$upfile)){ //將傳輸文件的臨時(shí)文件移動(dòng)到創(chuàng)建的新文件
echo 'Problem: Could not move file to destination directory';
exit;
}
}
else{
echo 'Problem: Possible file upload attack.Filename:';
echo $_FILES['username']['name'];
exit;
}
echo "File uploaded seuucessfully<br/><br/>";
//對(duì)傳輸文件清除html和php標(biāo)記
$contents = file_get_contents($upfile); //將文件內(nèi)容提取為一個(gè)字符串；
$contents = strip_tags($contents); //對(duì)該字符串擦除html和tags標(biāo)記；
file_put_contents($_FILES['userfile']['name'],$contents); //將該字符串重新寫入文件中；
//在瀏覽器上顯示傳輸?shù)奈谋疚募?nèi)容
echo "<p>Preview of uploaded file contents:<br/><hr>>";
echo nl2br($contents);
echo "</br></hr>";3、使用目錄函數(shù)
（1）從目錄中讀取文件名
①使用opendir（），readdir（），closedir（）函數(shù)；
<?php
$current_dir = '/uploads/'; //創(chuàng)建目錄url對(duì)象
$dir = opendir($current_dir); //打開目錄，結(jié)果返回一個(gè)目錄對(duì)象
echo "<p>Upload directory is $current_dir</p>";
echo "<p>Directory Listing:</p><ul>";
while(($file = readdir($dir)) !== false){ //讀取目錄對(duì)象
if($file != "." && $file != ".."){ //過濾當(dāng)前目錄和上一級(jí)目錄
echo "<li>$file</li>";
echo "<a href=\"filedetails.php?file=\'.$file.\'\">".$file."</a><br/>";
}
}
echo "</ul>";
closedir($dir); //關(guān)閉目錄；
?>②使用php的dir類
<?php
$current_dir = '/uploads/'; //創(chuàng)建目錄url對(duì)象
$dir = dir($current_dir); //創(chuàng)建dir對(duì)象
echo "<p>Handle is $dir->handle</p>";
echo "<p>Upload directory is $current_dir</p>";
echo "<p>Directory Listing:</p><ul>";
while(($file = $dir->read()) !== false){ //通過dir對(duì)象讀取目錄下的文件名
if($file != "." && $file != ".."){
echo "<li>$file</li>";
}
}
echo "</ul>";
$dir->close(); //關(guān)閉目錄
?>（2）使用scandir（）函數(shù)對(duì)文本名稱進(jìn)行字母表的排序方式
<?php
$current_dir = '/uploads/'; //創(chuàng)建目錄url對(duì)象
$files1 = scandir($current_dir); //將指定目錄下的文件名保存為一個(gè)數(shù)組，默認(rèn)以字母升序排序
$files2 = scandir($current_dir,1); //將指定目錄下的文件名保存為一個(gè)數(shù)組，以字母降序排序
echo "<p>Upload directory is $current_dir</p>";
echo "<p>Directory Listing in alphabetical order,ascending:</p><ul>";
foreach($files1 as $file1) {
if($file1 != "." && $file1 != "..")
echo "<li>$file1</li>";
}
echo "</ul>";
?>（3）獲取當(dāng)前目錄的其他信息
dirname（$path）：返回路徑的目錄部分；
basename($path)：返回路徑的名稱部分；
disk_free_space($path)：返回路徑所在磁盤可以保存上傳文件的容量；
（4）創(chuàng)建和刪除目錄
①mkdir（）：創(chuàng)建目錄；
代碼：
$oldumask = umask(0); //重置當(dāng)前權(quán)限碼
mkdir("/tmp/testing",0777); //創(chuàng)建目錄
umask($oldumask); //恢復(fù)當(dāng)前權(quán)限碼②rmdir（）：刪除目錄;
代碼：
rmdir("/temp/testing");
或rmdir("c:\\tmp\\testing');※要?jiǎng)h除的目錄必須是空目錄；
4、與文件系統(tǒng)的交互
（1）獲取文件信息：
while(($file = readdir($dir)) !== false){
echo "<a href=\"filedetails.php?file=\'.$file.\'\">".$file."</a><br/>";
}
<?php
$current_dir = '/uploads/';
$file = basename($file); //獲取文件文件名
echo "<h1>Details of file</h1>";
echo "<h2>File data</h2>";
echo 'File last accessed: '.date('j F Y H:i',fileatime($file))."<br>"; //返回最近訪問的時(shí)間戳
echo 'File last modifixed: '.date('j F Y H:i',filemtime($file))."<br>"; //返回最近修改的時(shí)間戳
$user = posix_getpwuid(fileowner($file)); //返回用戶標(biāo)識(shí)uid
echo 'File owner: '.$user['name']."<br/>";
$group = posix_getgrgid(filegroup($file)); //返回組織標(biāo)識(shí)gid
echo 'File group: '.$group['name']."<br/>";
echo 'File permissions: '.decoct(fileperms($file))."<br/>"; //返回8位的權(quán)限碼
echo 'File type'.filetype($file)."<br/>"; //返回文件類型
echo 'File size'.filesize($file)."<br/>"; //返回文件字節(jié)數(shù)
echo "<h2>File Tests</h2>";
echo 'is_dir?'.(is_dir($file) ? 'true':'false')."<br/>";
echo 'is_executable?'.(is_executable($file) ? 'true':'false')."<br/>"; //判斷文件是否可執(zhí)行；
echo 'is_file?'.(is_file($file) ? 'true':'false')."<br/>";
echo 'is_link?'.(is_link($file) ? 'true':'false')."<br/>";
echo 'is_readable?'.(is_readable($file) ? 'true':'false')."<br/>";
echo 'is_writable?'.(is_writable($file) ? 'true':'false')."<br/>";
?>（2）更改文件屬性
chgrp(file,group)：修改文件的分組；
chmod(file,permissions)：修改文件的權(quán)限；
chown(file,user)：修改文件的所有者；
（3）創(chuàng)建、刪除和移動(dòng)文件
bool touch（$filename，[int time,[ int atime]]）：創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件（time指定創(chuàng)建時(shí)間戳，atime指定可選時(shí)間戳）
unlink($filename)：刪除一個(gè)文件
copy($source_path,$destination_path)：復(fù)制一個(gè)文件
rename($oldfile,$newfile)：重命名一個(gè)文件；
（4）使用程序執(zhí)行函數(shù)
①String exec(String command[ ,array result [ ,int result_value]])
返回命名結(jié)果的最后一行，result變量可以返回字符組數(shù)，這些字符串代表輸出的每一行，result_value獲取返回代碼；
②void passthru(String command[ ,int result_value])
結(jié)果直接輸出到瀏覽器；
③String system(string command[ ,int return_value])
輸出結(jié)果到瀏覽器，返回命令結(jié)果的最后一行或false；
※在用戶提交的數(shù)據(jù)包括執(zhí)行命令的一部分，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行以下包裝：
system(escapeshellcmd($command));
5、與環(huán)境變量交互
phpinfo（）函數(shù)：獲取php的所有變量列表；
getenv（"$key_name"）:
setenv("$key_name=$value");
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