PHP study notes 10GD image processing
Jul 09, 2016 am 09:10 AM<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">1. 圖片背景管理</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> imagecreatefromjpeg($filename) 從jpeg文件或者url新建一圖像 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * imagecreatefrompng($filename) 從png文件或者url新建一圖象 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * imagecreatefromgif($filename) 從gif文件或者url新建一圖像 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 用完之后要用imagedestroy()函數(shù)進(jìn)行銷毀 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * getimagesize($filename) 返回?cái)?shù)組,0寬1高,2類型(1GIF,2JPG,3PNG,4SWF..),3是可用于img標(biāo)記的文本字符串(height="x" width="y") </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> <span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">該方法用于自動識別類型并打開圖片,使用傳入的func函數(shù)操作圖片,vars是參數(shù)列表 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 10</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> //如果返回的是不是原image,要在func中摧毀image</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 11</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> imagego(<span style="color: #800080;">$filename</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$func</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">){ </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 12</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">list</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$attr</span>) = <span style="color: #008080;">getimagesize</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$filename</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 13</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$types</span> = <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(1=>"gif", 2=>"jpeg", 3=>"png"<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 14</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">組合創(chuàng)建圖像函數(shù)名</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 15</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$createfrom</span> = "imagecreatefrom".<span style="color: #800080;">$types</span>{<span style="color: #800080;">$type</span><span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 16</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$createfrom</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$filename</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 17</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">對該圖片進(jìn)行操作</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 18</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$func</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 19</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">組合輸出圖像函數(shù)名</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 20</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$output</span> = "image".<span style="color: #800080;">$types</span>{<span style="color: #800080;">$type</span><span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 21</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$filename_s</span> = <span style="color: #008080;">preg_split</span>("/\\./", <span style="color: #800080;">$filename</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 22</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$filename</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$filename_s</span>{0}."_${func}.".<span style="color: #800080;">$filename_s</span>{1<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 23</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$output</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$filename</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 24</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 25</span> imagedestroy(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 26</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 27</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">該方法用于在圖片上加上字符串,傳入一個參數(shù)表示添加的字符串</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 28</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> imageaddstring(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">){ </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 29</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$string</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{0<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 30</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$sx</span> = (<span style="color: #800080;">$width</span> - imagefontwidth(5)*<span style="color: #008080;">strlen</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$string</span>))/2<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 31</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$sy</span> = (<span style="color: #800080;">$height</span> - imagefontheight(5))/2<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 32</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$textcolor</span> = imagecolorallocate(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, 255, 0, 0<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 33</span> imagestring(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, 5, <span style="color: #800080;">$sx</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$sy</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$string</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$textcolor</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 34</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 35</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 36</span> imagego("img/1.jpg", "imageaddstring", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>("Add a string on JPEG"<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 37</span> imagego("img/2.gif", "imageaddstring", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>("Add a string on GIF"<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 38</span> imagego("img/3.png", "imageaddstring", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>("Add a string on PNG"<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 39</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 40</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">2. 圖片縮放與裁剪處理</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 41</span> <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> imagecopyresized </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 42</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * imagecopyresampled($dst_img.$src_img,$dst_x,$dst_y,$src_x,$src_y,$dst_w,$dst_h,$src_w,$src_h) </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 43</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 以上兩個函數(shù)都可以進(jìn)行圖片縮放,后者效果好一些.該函數(shù)可以在圖像內(nèi)部復(fù)制,但當(dāng)區(qū)域重復(fù)時(shí)后果不可知 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 44</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 如果源和目標(biāo)的高寬不一樣,則會自動進(jìn)行縮放. </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 45</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 同時(shí),該函數(shù)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)圖像的裁剪. </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 46</span> <span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 47</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">該方法用于縮小圖片1.5倍</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 48</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> imagethumb(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">){ </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 49</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$p</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{0<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 50</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(<span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>/<span style="color: #800080;">$p</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>/<span style="color: #800080;">$p</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 51</span> imagecopyresampled(<span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, 0, 0, 0, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>/<span style="color: #800080;">$p</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>/<span style="color: #800080;">$p</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 52</span> imagedestroy(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 53</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span><span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 54</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 55</span> imagego("img/1.jpg", "imagethumb", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(1.5<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 56</span> imagego("img/2.gif", "imagethumb", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(1.5<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 57</span> imagego("img/3.png", "imagethumb", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(1.5<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 58</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">該方法用于實(shí)現(xiàn)圖片的裁剪</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 59</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> imagecut(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 60</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_x</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{0<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 61</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_y</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{1<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 62</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_width</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{2<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 63</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_height</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{3<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 64</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 65</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(<span style="color: #800080;">$n_width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_height</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 66</span> imagecopyresampled(<span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, 0, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_x</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_y</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$n_height</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 67</span> imagedestroy(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 68</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span><span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 69</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 70</span> imagego("img/1.jpg", "imagecut", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(200, 100, 100, 100<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 71</span> imagego("img/2.gif", "imagecut", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(200, 100, 100, 100<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 72</span> imagego("img/3.png", "imagecut", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(200, 100, 100, 100<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 73</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 74</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">3. 添加圖片水印</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 75</span> <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> imagecopy($dst_img,$src_img,$dst_x,$dst_y,$src_x,$src_y,$src_w,$src_h) </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 76</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 將一個圖片復(fù)制到另一個圖片上面 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 77</span> <span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 78</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> watermark(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">){ </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 79</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$w_image</span> = imagecreatefrompng("img/logo.png"<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 80</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">list</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$src_w</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$src_h</span>) = <span style="color: #008080;">getimagesize</span>("img/logo.png"<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 81</span> imagecopy(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$w_image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{0}, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{1}, 0, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$src_w</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$src_h</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 82</span> imagedestroy(<span style="color: #800080;">$w_image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 83</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 84</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 85</span> imagego("img/1.jpg", "watermark", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(50,50<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 86</span> imagego("img/2.gif", "watermark", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(100,100<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 87</span> imagego("img/3.png", "watermark", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(150,150<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 88</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 89</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">4. 圖片的選裝和翻轉(zhuǎn)</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 90</span> <span style="color: #008000;">/*</span><span style="color: #008000;"> imagerotate($src,$degree,$bgcolor,[ignore transparent]) 可選參數(shù)是否忽視透明色,返回旋轉(zhuǎn)后的圖片 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 91</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 翻轉(zhuǎn)用imagecopy按像素行或者像素列復(fù)制就可以了 </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 92</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> * 下面的函數(shù)先旋轉(zhuǎn)再翻轉(zhuǎn) </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 93</span> <span style="color: #008000;">*/</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 94</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span> rotateandturn(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$type</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span><span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 95</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$angle</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{0<span style="color: #000000;">}; </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 96</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span> = imagerotate(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$angle</span>, 0<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 97</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">選裝后圖片大小可能發(fā)生變化</span> <span style="color: #008080;"> 98</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span> = imagesx(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;"> 99</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span> = imagesy(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;">100</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span> = imagecreatetruecolor(<span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;">101</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">1代表x軸翻轉(zhuǎn),2代表y軸翻轉(zhuǎn),0代表不翻轉(zhuǎn)</span> <span style="color: #008080;">102</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{1} == 1<span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #008080;">103</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span> = 0; <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span> $width; <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>++<span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #008080;">104</span> imagecopy(<span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>-<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>-1, 0, 1, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;">105</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;">106</span> } <span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$vars</span>{1} == 2<span style="color: #000000;">){ </span><span style="color: #008080;">107</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span> = 0; <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span> $height; <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>++<span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #008080;">108</span> imagecopy(<span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span>-<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>-1, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, 1<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;">109</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;">110</span> } <span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #008080;">111</span> imagecopy(<span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$image</span>, 0, 0, 0, 0, <span style="color: #800080;">$width</span>, <span style="color: #800080;">$height</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;">112</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;">113</span> <span style="color: #008080;">114</span> imagedestroy(<span style="color: #800080;">$image</span><span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #008080;">115</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$n_image</span><span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #008080;">116</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> } </span><span style="color: #008080;">117</span> imagego("img/1.jpg", "rotateandturn", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(10, 0<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;">118</span> imagego("img/2.gif", "rotateandturn", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(0,1<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;">119</span> imagego("img/3.png", "rotateandturn", <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>(10,2<span style="color: #000000;">)); </span><span style="color: #008080;">120</span> ?> <span style="color: #008080;">121</span> <span style="color: #008080;">122</span> <span style="color: #008080;">123</span> 原圖<br> <span style="color: #008080;">124</span> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/1.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/2.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/3.png" class="lazy" alt=""> <span style="color: #008080;">125</span> <br>圖中添加字符串<br> <span style="color: #008080;">126</span> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/1_imageaddstring.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/2_imageaddstring.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/3_imageaddstring.png" class="lazy" alt=""> <span style="color: #008080;">127</span> <br>圖片縮放<br> <span style="color: #008080;">128</span> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/1_imagethumb.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/2_imagethumb.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/3_imagethumb.png" class="lazy" alt=""> <span style="color: #008080;">129</span> <br>圖片裁剪<br> <span style="color: #008080;">130</span> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/1_imagecut.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/2_imagecut.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/3_imagecut.png" class="lazy" alt=""> <span style="color: #008080;">131</span> <br>圖片水印<br> <span style="color: #008080;">132</span> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/1_watermark.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/2_watermark.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/3_watermark.png" class="lazy" alt=""> <span style="color: #008080;">133</span> <br>圖片旋轉(zhuǎn)和翻轉(zhuǎn)<br> <span style="color: #008080;">134</span> <img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/1_rotateandturn.jpg" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/2_rotateandturn.gif" class="lazy" alt=""><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="img/3_rotateandturn.png" class="lazy" alt=""> <span style="color: #008080;">135</span> <span style="color: #008080;">136</span> <span style="color: #008080;">137</span>
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The method to get the current session ID in PHP is to use the session_id() function, but you must call session_start() to successfully obtain it. 1. Call session_start() to start the session; 2. Use session_id() to read the session ID and output a string similar to abc123def456ghi789; 3. If the return is empty, check whether session_start() is missing, whether the user accesses for the first time, or whether the session is destroyed; 4. The session ID can be used for logging, security verification and cross-request communication, but security needs to be paid attention to. Make sure that the session is correctly enabled and the ID can be obtained successfully.

To extract substrings from PHP strings, you can use the substr() function, which is syntax substr(string$string,int$start,?int$length=null), and if the length is not specified, it will be intercepted to the end; when processing multi-byte characters such as Chinese, you should use the mb_substr() function to avoid garbled code; if you need to intercept the string according to a specific separator, you can use exploit() or combine strpos() and substr() to implement it, such as extracting file name extensions or domain names.

In PHP, the most common method is to split the string into an array using the exploit() function. This function divides the string into multiple parts through the specified delimiter and returns an array. The syntax is exploit(separator, string, limit), where separator is the separator, string is the original string, and limit is an optional parameter to control the maximum number of segments. For example $str="apple,banana,orange";$arr=explode(",",$str); The result is ["apple","bana

std::chrono is used in C to process time, including obtaining the current time, measuring execution time, operation time point and duration, and formatting analysis time. 1. Use std::chrono::system_clock::now() to obtain the current time, which can be converted into a readable string, but the system clock may not be monotonous; 2. Use std::chrono::steady_clock to measure the execution time to ensure monotony, and convert it into milliseconds, seconds and other units through duration_cast; 3. Time point (time_point) and duration (duration) can be interoperable, but attention should be paid to unit compatibility and clock epoch (epoch)

ToaccessenvironmentvariablesinPHP,usegetenv()orthe$_ENVsuperglobal.1.getenv('VAR_NAME')retrievesaspecificvariable.2.$_ENV['VAR_NAME']accessesvariablesifvariables_orderinphp.iniincludes"E".SetvariablesviaCLIwithVAR=valuephpscript.php,inApach

PHPhasthreecommentstyles://,#forsingle-lineand/.../formulti-line.Usecommentstoexplainwhycodeexists,notwhatitdoes.MarkTODO/FIXMEitemsanddisablecodetemporarilyduringdebugging.Avoidover-commentingsimplelogic.Writeconcise,grammaticallycorrectcommentsandu

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The method of using preprocessing statements to obtain database query results in PHP varies from extension. 1. When using mysqli, you can obtain the associative array through get_result() and fetch_assoc(), which is suitable for modern environments; 2. You can also use bind_result() to bind variables, which is suitable for situations where there are few fields and fixed structures, and it is good compatibility but there are many fields when there are many fields; 3. When using PDO, you can obtain the associative array through fetch (PDO::FETCH_ASSOC), or use fetchAll() to obtain all data at once, so the interface is unified and the error handling is clearer; in addition, you need to pay attention to parameter type matching, execution of execute(), timely release of resources and enable error reports.
