glob 最早是出現(xiàn)在類Unix系統(tǒng)的命令行中, 是用來匹配文件路徑的。比如,lib/**/*.js 匹配 lib 目錄下所有的 js 文件。
除了在命令行中,我們在程序中也會有匹配文件路徑的需求。于是,很多編程語言有了對 glob 的實(shí)現(xiàn) ,如 Python 中的 glob 模塊; php 中的 glob 方法。
有了 glob,匹配文件路徑變的 so easy~
oh-my-glob
使用場景
任務(wù)管理
如,我們要將 lib 目錄下所有的 js 文件下都進(jìn)行壓縮。我們用 Gulp 可以這么寫:
var uglify = require('gulp-uglify'); gulp.task('compress', function() { return gulp.src('lib/**/*.js') // 選則 lib 下的所有 js 文件 .pipe(uglify()) // 壓縮 .pipe(gulp.dest('dist')); // 將壓縮后的文件輸出到 dist 目錄下});
命令行
命令行中很多命令都可以用 glob。 如
grep '學(xué)習(xí)' *.md
上面目錄做的是,從當(dāng)前目錄中查找文件內(nèi)容中包含"學(xué)習(xí)",并且文件格式為 md 的文件。
匹配規(guī)則
不同語言的 glob 庫支持的規(guī)則會略有不同。下面是 node-glob 的匹配規(guī)則。
- * 匹配任意 0 或多個任意字符
- ? 匹配任意一個字符
- [...] 若字符在中括號中,則匹配。若以 ! 或 ^ 開頭,若字符不在中括號中,則匹配
- !(pattern|pattern|pattern) 不滿足括號中的所有模式則匹配
- ?(pattern|pattern|pattern) 滿足 0 或 1 括號中的模式則匹配
- +(pattern|pattern|pattern) 滿足 1 或 更多括號中的模式則匹配
- *(a|b|c) 滿足 0 或 更多括號中的模式則匹配
- @(pattern|pat*|pat?erN) 滿足 1 個括號中的模式則匹配
- ** 跨路徑匹配任意字符
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