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如何使用php開(kāi)發(fā)高效的WEB系統(tǒng)

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:15 AM
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??? PHP是一個(gè)很優(yōu)秀的工具,它可以簡(jiǎn)單,也可以復(fù)雜。不一樣的項(xiàng)目,應(yīng)該用不一樣的PHP。

??? 小項(xiàng)目 - 簡(jiǎn)單而直接的PHP
??? 一般對(duì)于一個(gè)功能頁(yè)面在20以下的網(wǎng)站,我們可以用一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的框架結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)寫(xiě)。在這個(gè)規(guī)模上,我建議是使用比較直接的面向過(guò)程編碼方法,原因很簡(jiǎn)單,沒(méi)有必要把class文件弄的N 多,結(jié)果controller里邊就一個(gè)new就完了。當(dāng)然,需求頻繁變化的項(xiàng)目除外。
??? 在這個(gè)級(jí)別上,php優(yōu)點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)的很明顯:快速開(kāi)發(fā),一目了然。缺點(diǎn)同時(shí)也被隱藏得很好。

??? 中型項(xiàng)目 - 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)美的OO化的PHP
??? 對(duì)于一個(gè)中型項(xiàng)目,我建議使用一個(gè)良好設(shè)計(jì)的框架來(lái)做,這個(gè)框架可以是基于MVC模型,封裝了眾多底層操作的,當(dāng)然,一定要有一個(gè)好的最好是透明的cache機(jī)制,這樣,我們?yōu)榱诉m應(yīng)變化而加入的OO機(jī)制可以運(yùn)行得更快更好。
??? 在這個(gè)級(jí)別上。php的缺點(diǎn)開(kāi)始凸現(xiàn),像對(duì)OO支持的不完整(這個(gè)PHP5有很大改進(jìn)),只能單線程模式。另外一些外圍工具開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)缺乏支持,像PHP沒(méi)有好的重構(gòu)工具,沒(méi)有好的集成到IDE中的單元測(cè)試工具。優(yōu)點(diǎn)當(dāng)然還是原來(lái)的快速開(kāi)發(fā),廣泛的可用的開(kāi)源資源。

??? 大型項(xiàng)目 - 擴(kuò)展、優(yōu)化后的PHP
??? 這里的大型項(xiàng)目,簡(jiǎn)單的指分布式項(xiàng)目,就是說(shuō),你的程序需要被部署在N臺(tái)服務(wù)器上了。在這個(gè)層級(jí)上,PHP比起j2ee的確缺乏很多支持。我曾和shadow在735上詳細(xì)討論過(guò)PHP要在大型系統(tǒng)上應(yīng)用需要解決的一些問(wèn)題,當(dāng)然這些問(wèn)題不光是PHP這個(gè)語(yǔ)言的問(wèn)題,也包括了周邊開(kāi)發(fā)的問(wèn)題:?
????1 PHP的頁(yè)面代碼共享,PHP的源代碼被載入內(nèi)存一次以后,就在其中保留 - 這個(gè)用APC和Zend的優(yōu)化器可以搞定。
??? 2 PHP頁(yè)面之間的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象共享,a.php和b.php之間可以共享一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象,比如數(shù)組,這個(gè)現(xiàn)在可以用序列化來(lái)作,但是會(huì)有文件io,這塊可以用共享內(nèi)存或者memcached來(lái)處理。
??? 3 PHP的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池,因?yàn)樵诙嗲岸说那闆r下,PHP控制不住對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的連接,所以需要在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)前邊去作一個(gè)連接池,類似于sqlrelay的東西。另外數(shù)據(jù)緩存也是很重要的,大壓力開(kāi)發(fā)有一個(gè)tip,就是能不動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)就不要?jiǎng)訑?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
??? 4 PHP的前端cache系統(tǒng)。一個(gè)透明的可控制的cache機(jī)制,確保網(wǎng)站的頁(yè)面以最少次數(shù)查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。這個(gè)有很多實(shí)現(xiàn),但是沒(méi)有找到特別好的。
??? 5 一個(gè)PHP應(yīng)用,成功的解決調(diào)這幾個(gè)問(wèn)題以后,應(yīng)付稍微大一點(diǎn)的壓力是沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題的。

??? 在這個(gè)級(jí)別上,重要的是,把PHP java C++ python之類融合起來(lái),使其成為一個(gè)高效系統(tǒng)。我們可以用memcached來(lái)做分布式內(nèi)存管理,可以用Lucene 來(lái)作全文檢索,用ejb 容器來(lái)放一些業(yè)務(wù)邏輯組件,PHP則作為前端和系統(tǒng)的膠水,快速而靈活的把這些粘合起來(lái)。



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