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Home php教程 php手冊 PHP 雜談《重構(gòu)-改善既有代碼的設(shè)計》之三 重新組織數(shù)據(jù)

PHP 雜談《重構(gòu)-改善既有代碼的設(shè)計》之三 重新組織數(shù)據(jù)

Jun 13, 2016 pm 12:01 PM
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介紹

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?承接上文的PHP 雜談《重構(gòu)-改善既有代碼的設(shè)計》之 重新組織你的函數(shù)繼續(xù)重構(gòu)方面的內(nèi)容。
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這章主要針對數(shù)據(jù)的重構(gòu)。
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1、爭論的聲音——直接訪問Field還是通過函數(shù)(Accessor)訪問Field

?2.修改Array為Object:當(dāng)你看到一個Array很像一個數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),你可以使用Replace Array with Object,把Array變成一個對象?!獢?shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)更清晰。

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?專業(yè)術(shù)語
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accessor:訪問者,存儲器——在本文翻譯為“函數(shù)”

dumb:啞

domain class:用以處理業(yè)務(wù)邏輯

presentation class:用以處理”數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)形式“

business logic:業(yè)務(wù)邏輯

unidirectional:單向的

bidirectional:雙向的

collection:群集

?Self Encapsulate Field
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狀況:如果Client直接訪問值域,會造成Client與值域之間的耦合關(guān)系逐漸變得笨拙,那么為這個值域建立取值/設(shè)置函數(shù),并且只以這些函數(shù)來訪問。
?

?

動機(jī):

  “間接訪問變量”:支持更靈活的數(shù)據(jù)獲取方式,如lazy Initialization(意思是只有用到值時,才對它進(jìn)行初始化。)

  “直接訪問變量”:代碼比較容易閱讀,不需要停下來說:“啊,這只是個取值函數(shù)”。

?????? 選擇:1、代碼規(guī)范,按照團(tuán)隊中大多數(shù)人的做法去做。

     2、個人比較喜歡“直接訪問變量”,直到這種方式帶來麻煩為止。

       martin(作者)的例子:你想獲取superclass中的field,卻又想在subclass中將該field改為計算后的值,這就最該使用Self Encapsulate Field。

???????????????????????? 我自己的例子:我一般會把field設(shè)置成private,如果外部變量,需要用到此field的時候,我就會用Self Encapsulate Field?;蛘遞ield的值有變化的時候,用Self Encapsulate Field。


?Replace Data Value with Object
?
?狀況:如果你的某個基本類型的field,需要額外的數(shù)據(jù)和行為,那么將此field變成對象。
?

?

?
? 動機(jī):
?

開發(fā)初期,我們也許會使用基本數(shù)據(jù)類型表示簡單的行為。例如:你可能會用一個字符串表示電話號碼,但是隨后可能會出現(xiàn)電話號碼的“格式化“,”驗證“,”抽取區(qū)號“之類的特殊行為?!@時候我們就需要一個新類。

?
?Replace Array with Object
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狀況:你有一個數(shù)組,數(shù)組中的元素各自代表不同的東西,那么以對象替換數(shù)組,對于數(shù)組中的每個元素,以一個值域表示之。
?

?動機(jī):

數(shù)組常用于一組相似對象。如果數(shù)組中的元素不同,很難明白數(shù)組中的第一個元素是人名這樣的約定。對象就不同了,可以通過值域名稱和函數(shù)名稱傳達(dá)這樣的信息?!@樣無須死記,無須注釋。

?Encapsulate Field
?
狀況:如果你的class中有一個public值域,那么將它聲明為pirvate,并提供相應(yīng)的訪問函數(shù)。

?動機(jī):

面向?qū)ο蟮脑瓌t之一就是封裝(Encapsulate)或者稱為”數(shù)據(jù)隱藏“。按照此原測,你絕不應(yīng)該把數(shù)據(jù)聲明為public。
  ——public 數(shù)據(jù)被看成是一種不好的做法。
  ——如果封裝了,代碼的修改就會比較簡單,因為都集中在一個地方。
?一個函數(shù)除了訪問函數(shù)(getting/setting)外,不提供其他行為,它終究只是一個dumb class(啞類)。這類class不能獲得對象技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢。——解決啞類的方法是Move Method輕快的將它們移到新對象去。
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?conclusion
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我希望能把我理解的東西與大家分享,歡迎大家提出寶貴意見。
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