Automatic prefixes using Autoprefixer are the most recommended practices at present. It can automatically add necessary prefixes according to the target browser configuration, reduce redundant code and support mainstream construction tools; 2. Manual prefixes are suitable for debugging or experimental development. Common prefixes include -webkit-, -moz-, -ms-, -o-, but repeated codes are expensive to maintain, and are not recommended for long-term use; 3. Common attributes that require prefix include Flexbox/Grid layout, animation transition, gradient background, filter transformation, user selection control, etc., which can be processed through Can I Use to query compatibility or directly depend on tools.
When writing CSS, vendor prefixes (vendor prefixes) is an unavoidable problem. They are meant to allow browser manufacturers to provide support for new features before the standards are finalized. If you want the website to display the effect normally in various browsers, it is necessary to handle vendor prefixes well.
Here are some practical methods and suggestions to help you better deal with this problem.
1. Automatically add prefixes using Autoprefixer
This is the most recommended practice at present. Autoprefixer can automatically add appropriate vendor prefixes to CSS properties according to your target browser configuration.
- It uses Can I Use data to determine which attributes need to be prefixed
- No unnecessary prefixes are added, reducing code volume
- Support mainstream construction tools such as PostCSS, Webpack, Gulp, etc.
For example, you wrote:
.example {
display: grid;
}Autoprefixer will automatically convert to code like this based on your target browser:
.example {
display: -ms-grid;
display: grid;
} Just configure browserslist (for example, specify the target browser scope in package.json ), and leave the rest to the tool.
2. Manual prefix is only applicable to special cases
Although tools are recommended in most cases nowadays, sometimes you may need to manually add vendor prefixes, such as debugging compatibility issues or doing experimental development.
Common vendor prefixes are:
-
-webkit-(Chrome, Safari) -
-moz-(Firefox) -
-ms-(Old version of IE/Edge) -
-o-(Old version of Opera)
For example, write a button with transition:
.button {
-webkit-transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
-moz-transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
-ms-transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
-o-transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}However, this writing method is repeated many times and has high maintenance costs, so it is not recommended to use it for a long time.
3. Pay attention to which attributes need to be prefixed
Not all CSS properties require vendor prefixes. Generally speaking, the following types of attributes are more common:
- Flexbox and Grid layouts (early versions)
- Animation and transition (animation, transition)
- Gradient background (linear-gradient)
- Filter and transform (filter, transform)
- User-select control
If you are not sure whether a certain attribute needs to be prefixed, you can check the compatibility situation in Can I Use , or directly use tools to help you solve it.
Basically that's it. Autoprefixer solves almost most problems. As long as it is configured properly, you no longer have to worry about the specific writing of vendor prefixes. Manual addition is sometimes useful, but only a temporary method. Only by making good use of tools can you focus on more important style designs.
The above is the detailed content of How to handle vendor prefixes in CSS?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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