IndexedDB is a NoSQL database built in browsers that supports storing large amounts of structured data and implementing offline synchronization. 1. It stores data in the form of key-value pairs, supporting transactions, indexes and asynchronous operations; 2. Core concepts include databases, object warehouses, indexes and transactions; 3. Offline synchronization process includes local temporary storage of changes, listening to network status, and uploading data after recovery; 4. Notes include version control, asynchronous processing, compatibility and storage restrictions; 5. Conflict resolution can be done by timestamps, version numbers or manual intervention.
IndexedDB is a very practical browser built-in database choice when doing offline synchronization solutions. It can store structured data and support transaction operations, which is suitable for scenarios that require persistence and large amounts of local data processing.

What is IndexedDB?
IndexedDB is a browser-side NoSQL database system that allows you to store and retrieve key-value pair data. Compared with localStorage, its advantage is that it can store more complex data types (such as objects and arrays), and also supports index query and asynchronous operations, which will not block page rendering.
There are several core concepts to understand when using IndexedDB:

- Database : Each application can have one or more databases.
- Object Store : Similar to a table, used to store data records.
- Index (Index) : Indexes certain fields in the object repository for quick search.
- Transaction : All read and write operations must be performed in a transaction.
How to design offline synchronization logic?
When doing offline synchronization, the usual idea is to first store the data locally and then upload it to the server after the network is restored. The role of IndexedDB here is to act as a temporary storage layer.
The basic steps to implement this process are as follows:

- User operations trigger data changes (such as adding, modifying, deleting)
- Staging these changes to IndexedDB
- Listen to network status changes. When a network connection is detected, extract data to be synchronized from IndexedDB
- Send to the server, mark it as synchronized or deleted after success
This mechanism is commonly found in mobile applications, CRM systems or form submission products, and is particularly useful in environments where signal is unstable or frequent disconnection of the network.
Notes on using IndexedDB
Although IndexedDB is powerful, there are some easy places to get stuck in actual use:
- Version control is important: When you need to update the database structure, you must upgrade the version number to open a new version and modify the object repository structure.
- Asynchronous operations need to handle callbacks or Promise chains: IndexedDB All operations are asynchronous, and it is recommended to encapsulate them as promises and make them more convenient to use.
- The browser compatibility is overall good, but some older versions still need to pay attention to support.
- Storage space is not unlimited, and different browsers have different restrictions. After it exceeds it, it will trigger a request for user authorization to expand capacity.
For example, if you are developing a notepad application and the user has written content but is not connected to the Internet, you should save the notes in IndexedDB first. After the network is restored, then traverse the unsynced data items and upload them one by one.
How to deal with synchronization conflicts?
Data saved in offline state may have conflict problems when synchronizing again. For example, User A and User B modify the same record at the same time, a conflict resolution mechanism is needed.
Common practices include:
- Timestamp priority: the last modified time shall prevail
- Version number comparison: record the version number of each modified, select the latest version when conflicts
- Manual intervention: prompts the user to choose which version to retain
It is best to have a verification mechanism on the server side, and the front-end only makes preliminary judgments to avoid repeated submissions or overwriting of data.
Basically that's it. Using IndexedDB well can make your web applications have stronger offline capabilities. Although it is a bit troublesome to build in the early stage, it is not too complicated to maintain it once it is completed.
The above is the detailed content of H5 IndexedDB for Offline Synchronization Solutions. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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