The core of using CSS variables to achieve topic switching is to define the basic variables and organize the topic structure, and dynamically switch through class names or attributes. The steps are as follows: 1. Define basic variables such as colors, fonts, etc. in:root; 2. Create classes that cover variables for different themes (such as dark and light colors); 3. Call variables using var() in CSS rules; 4. Switch class names or attributes through JavaScript to achieve theme changes; 5. Expand variables to font size, rounded corners, shadows and other style attributes. This clear structure and easy maintenance lies in reasonable naming and scope control.
Using CSS variables to achieve topic switching is actually quite direct. The key is to organize the variable structure and dynamically switch with class names or attributes. The core idea is: extract the style information such as color, font, etc. into variables, and then switch the overall style by changing the variable values .
Define the basic variables and organize the topic
CSS variables (also called custom properties) are usually written in :root , which is the global scope. You can name variables according to your purpose, such as main color, background color, text color, etc.:
:root {
--color-primary: #4a90e2;
--color-bg: #ffffff;
--color-text: #333333;
}If you are doing multiple topics, such as "dark" and "light", you can override these variables in another class:
.theme-dark {
--color-bg: #1e1e1e;
--color-text: #f5f5f5;
} In this way, just add .theme-dark class to <body> or root element, the style of the entire page will automatically change.
Using variables in components
Once the variables are defined, you can use them in any CSS rule:
.button {
background-color: var(--color-primary);
color: var(--color-text);
}The advantage of this is that no matter what theme is currently, the buttons will automatically adapt to the corresponding color , and there is no need to write a style for each theme separately.
You can also nest variables, such as setting a default value:
background-color: var(--custom-bg, var(--color-bg));
This means that if --custom-bg is not defined, --color-bg will be replaced.
How to dynamically switch topics
To make the topic switchable, it is generally necessary to manipulate class names or data attributes. For example:
<button onclick="switchTheme('light')">Light color</button> <button onclick="switchTheme('dark')">Dark</button>
Corresponding JS:
function switchTheme(themeName) {
document.body.className = themeName === 'dark' ? 'theme-dark' : '';
} You can also use data-theme attribute instead of the class name, the logic is the same. The key is to change the class or attribute of a top-level container through JS and trigger variable updates.
Note: CSS variables are inherited, so as long as the class is changed on the root element or body, all child elements can perceive changes.
Theme variables can be more flexible
In addition to basic colors, you can also define more types of theme variables, such as:
- Font size, line height:
--font-size-base - Round corner radius:
--radius-default - Border color:
--border-color - Shadow style:
--shadow-level-1
This will make the entire design system more unified and convenient for maintenance.
If your project is large, it is recommended to concentrate the variables in a file, such as _variables.css , and then import them through @import .
Basically that's it. The core of using CSS variables to make the topic is "define first, then use, and then switch". The things that are not complicated but are easy to ignore details are variable naming specifications and scope controls. Maintaining a clear structure will make later expansion much easier.
The above is the detailed content of How to use CSS variables for theming?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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