How to validate forms client-side using HTML5 attributes?
Jul 14, 2025 am 12:31 AMForm verification can be implemented through built-in HTML5 properties. 1. Use required to ensure the required items; 2. Restrict input formats such as mailbox and zip code through type and pattern; 3. Use min, max, minlength, and maxlength to control the range and length of the numerical value. These methods can improve the front-end experience without JavaScript, but key verification still needs to be completed with the back-end.
Form verification is a very critical part of web development, and using HTML5 built-in properties can easily implement simple client verification. There is no need to write JavaScript, and it can also make the user's input more standardized.

Required verification: required attribute
If you want a field to be filled in, such as username or email address, just add the required
attribute:

<input type="text" name="username" required>
The browser will automatically check whether this field is empty when the user submits. If it is empty, the user will be prompted to fill in it. Suitable for most <input>
types, including text, email, password, etc.
Tips: Although
required
looks simple, don't forget to do verification on the backend. Because front-end verification can be bypassed.
Input format limitations: type and pattern properties
HTML5 provides a variety type
to control input content, such as email
, url
, number
, etc.:
<input type="email" name="email">
The above example will ensure that the user enters a format that looks like a mailbox, otherwise it will not be submitted. The mobile terminal will also pop up a keyboard suitable for entering the mailbox.
If you need more complex formats, such as phone numbers or strings with specific rules, you can use pattern
with regular expressions:
<input type="text" name="zipcode" pattern="\d{6}" title="Please enter the 6-digit zip code">
This code will restrict the user from entering only 6 digits as the zip code, and the prompt message will display the title content you set.
Common usage:
- Mobile phone number:
pattern="1\d{10}"
- Password strength (at least 8 digits):
minlength="8"
or more complicated judgments with JS - Identity card number, license plate number, etc. can be used to restrict formats using pattern
Numerical range and length limitation: min, max, minlength, maxlength
These properties are used to limit the input numerical range or character length, and are very suitable for use in scenarios such as age, quantity, password length and other scenarios:
<input type="number" name="age" min="18" max="99">
This way, the user input age must be between 18 and 99.
For text boxes, you can limit the number of words like this:
<input type="text" name="nickname" minlength="2" maxlength="10">
This nickname has at least two characters and a maximum of ten characters.
It should be noted that these restrictions only take effect in browsers that support HTML5. Some older devices or browsers may not fully support it.
Basically, these commonly used HTML5 form verification properties. Although they cannot replace backend verification, they are very useful in quickly improving the user experience on the front end, and are not complicated to implement.
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