Laravel's Form Request is a structured, reusable form verification method. 1. It centrally manages verification rules and authorization logic through special classes to avoid bloating of the controller; 2. After using the Artisan command to create, field rules are defined in the rules() method, supporting dynamic parameter processing; 3. The authorize() method is used to judge user permissions and automatically returns a 403 response; 4. The type prompt in the controller can obtain the verification security data; 5. The error prompt and field alias can be customized to improve the user experience. This method makes the code clearer and easier to maintain, and is suitable for medium and large projects.

Form verification is a very important part of developing web applications. Laravel provides a variety of ways to implement verification logic. Among them, using the Request class (Form Request) for form verification is a clear structure and strong reusability method, which is especially suitable for medium and large projects.

What is Laravel's Form Request?

Laravel's Form Request is a class specifically used to handle form validation. It inherits from Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest , and can centrally manage verification rules and authorization logic to prevent the controller from becoming bloated.

You can create a Form Request through the Artisan command:

 php artisan make:request StoreUserRequest

The generated class is located in app/Http/Requests directory. You just need to define verification rules and authorization logic in it to reuse throughout the application.

How to define verification rules

Open the newly generated Request class and return an array containing field rules in rules() method. For example:

 public function rules()
{
    Return [
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
        'password' => 'required|min:6',
    ];
}

This method is very similar to using the validate() method in the controller, but the advantage is that these rules can be centrally managed and can be reused in multiple places.

Note: If you need to dynamically pass parameters, such as ignoring the email uniqueness check of the current user when editing the user, it can be achieved by closure or directly injecting the model ID.

It is more appropriate to place the authorization logic here

In addition to the verification rules, Form Request also provides an authorize() method to determine whether the current user has permission to submit this form. For example:

 public function authorize()
{
    return $this->user()->can('create-user');
}

This will also bring together permission controls, making the controller more concise.

If false is returned, Laravel will automatically return a 403 response, and you do not need to judge and throw exceptions yourself.

Using Form Request in Controller

Once you have defined the Form Request, you can directly type it in the controller:

 public function store(StoreUserRequest $request)
{
    User::create($request->validated());

    return redirect()->route('users.index');
}

Here $request->validated() returns verified data, which only contains fields that comply with the rules, to prevent dirty data from being inserted into the database.

Tips: If you only want to get partially validated fields, you can use $request->safe()->only(['name', 'email']) to extract safe data.

Custom error message and field alias (optional)

You can also override messages() and attributes() methods in Form Request to customize the error prompt and field names:

 public function messages()
{
    Return [
        'email.unique' => 'This email address has been registered, please try another one. ',
    ];
}

public function attributes()
{
    Return [
        'name' => 'name',
        'email' => 'email address',
    ];
}

This can make the error prompts more friendly and more suitable for multilingual scenarios.

Basically that's it. Form Request organizes verification, authorization, and prompts to make the code more organized and easier to maintain. Although it may feel a bit troublesome to build an extra class at the beginning, you will find its value in actual projects.

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