The method to create custom operations in Yii is to define a common method starting with an action in the controller, optionally accept parameters; then process data, render views, or return JSON as needed; and finally ensure security through access control. Specific steps include: 1. Create a method prefixed with action; 2. Set the method to public; 3. Can receive URL parameters; 4. Process data such as querying the model, processing POST requests, redirecting, etc.; 5. Use AccessControl or manually checking permissions to restrict access. For example, actionProfile($id) can be accessed via /site/profile?id=123 and renders the user profile page. The best practice is to keep operations simple, move complex logic to the model or service layer, and recommend using RBAC for granular permission management.
In Yii, creating custom actions in a controller is straightforward and gives you more control over how specific tasks are handled. You don't always have to rely on the default CRUD actions—Yii lets you define your own with just a few steps.
Naming Matters: How to Define a Custom Action
In Yii, any method in a controller that starts with action becomes accessible as a route. So if you create a method called actionProfile , it can be accessed via /controller-name/profile .
Here's how to do it:
- Create a new method inside your controller class.
- Prefix the method name with
action. - Make sure it's a public function (otherwise it won't be accessible).
- You can optionally accept parameters from the URL or request.
Example:
public function actionProfile($id)
{
$user = User::findOne($id);
return $this->render('profile', ['user' => $user]);
} This makes /site/profile?id=123 work out of the box, assuming this is in your SiteController .
Passing Data Around: Use Cases and Best Practices
Custom actions often need to fetch or process data before rendering a view or returning JSON. Here are some common patterns:
- Fetching related data: If you're building something like an order details page, use the action to pull both the order and its related items.
- Handling POST requests: Wrap logic in conditions like
Yii::$app->request->isPostto safely handle form submissions. - Returning JSON: For AJAX calls, use
return $this->asJson(['status' => 'ok']);so Yii sends the correct headers. - Redirecting after action: After updating or saving something, redirect using
$this->redirect(['view', 'id' => $model->id]);.
A good habit is to keep your actions clean by moving heavy logic into models or services. The controller should coordinate, not compute.
Access Control: Securing Your Custom Actions
If your action handles sensitive operations like deleting records or editing user info, access control is important.
You can manage this in two main ways:
- Use the
AccessControlfilter in your controller'sbehaviors()method. - Or manually check permissions inside the action:
if (Yii::$app->user->isGuest) { throw new ForbiddenHttpException('You must be logged in.'); }Also consider using RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) for complex permission settings.
That's basically how you add your own actions in Yii controllers. It's flexible but easy once you get the naming and structure right. Just remember to secure them when needed and keep your code organized.
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