CSS animation and transition can improve the web interactive experience, but it needs to be used in moderation. 1. CSS transition is suitable for smooth state changes in properties such as color and size. It is often used for button hovering and menu expansion. Transition attributes, duration, easing functions and triggering conditions need to be specified; 2. CSS animation defines keyframes through @keyframes and controls them with animation attributes. It is suitable for complex behaviors such as loop playback or delayed execution, such as rotation loading animation; 3. When using it, pay attention to the balance between performance and user experience, avoid excessive complex animations, give priority to the use of hardware acceleration attributes such as transform and opacity, and consider accessibility, and appropriately control the animation duration and device compatibility.

In web design, smooth interactive experience can often significantly increase users' preference for the website. Using CSS animations and transition effects, you can easily achieve some visual "little surprises" to make the page look more vivid and layered. The key is to use it just right, not pile up fancy effects.

1. Understanding the basics of CSS Transitions

CSS transitions are suitable for properties that will smoothly change from one state to another, such as color, size, position, etc. It is ideal for use in scenarios such as button hovering, menu expansion, etc.

To achieve a simple transition, you need to specify at least the following:

• Properties to transition (such as background-color )
• Duration (such as 0.3s )
• Easing function (such as ease-in-out )
• Triggering conditions (such as :hover )

For example:

 .button {
  background-color: #333;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.button:hover {
  background-color: #555;
}

This way the button will have a soft color gradient effect when the mouse hovers. Be careful not to add transitions to too many attributes, otherwise it will affect performance or appear to be sluggish.

2. Create more complex animations using animations

When you need more complex behaviors than transitions, such as looping playback, multiple keyframes, or delayed execution, you should use CSS animation.

The basic steps are as follows:

• Define a @keyframes rule that describes the keyframes of the animation
• Apply animations through animation attribute in selector

For example, do a simple loading animation:

 @keyframes spin {
  from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  to { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}

.spinner {
  animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
}

This .spinner element will continue to rotate. You can control the number of playback times, direction, delay, etc. of the animation, which is very flexible. But it should be noted that frequent use of animations may affect page performance, especially on mobile devices.

3. Pay attention to the balance between performance and user experience

While animations and transitions can make the page more attractive, abuse can also cause the page to stutter or distract the user. Here are some practical suggestions:

• Avoid using complex animations simultaneously on a large number of elements
• Using hardware-accelerated properties such as transform and opacity , they are usually more efficient
• Provide elegant downgrades on devices that do not support animation
• Control the duration of the animation, do not be too slow or too fast (generally 0.2s–0.5s are relatively comfortable time)

In addition, given the accessibility, some users may be sensitive to dynamic content, and they can reduce animations by querying prefers-reduced-motion motion via media:

 @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
  .fancy-animation {
    animation: pop 0.4s ease;
  }
}

Basically that's it. CSS' animation and transition functions are powerful enough, but in actual projects, it is recommended to focus on simplicity and effectiveness, and do not ignore the actual feelings of users in order to show off their skills.

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