To implement HTML5 drag and drop function, you need to master five core steps: 1. Use dragstart to set drag data; 2. Block default behavior in dragover to allow placement; 3. Get data through drop and process it; 4. Use DataTransfer objects to pass data to ensure consistent types; 5. Add visual feedback to improve the experience. The entire process can be combined with the above events and logical processing to complete a complete drag-and-drop interaction.
Implementing the interactive drag-and-drop function of the HTML5 API is actually not that complicated. As long as you master the basic API usage method and add a little logical processing, you can create a good drag and drop interaction effect.

Basic process of drag and drop events
HTML5 natively provides a series of events such as dragstart
, dragover
, drop
, etc., forming a complete drag-and-drop process. Simply put:

- dragstart : Triggered when starting to drag an element, usually set the dragged data here.
- dragover : It triggers continuously when dragging above the target area, and the default behavior needs to be blocked to allow placement.
- drop : Triggered when the mouse is released and the operation can be performed.
These events must be used in conjunction to complete a complete drag-and-drop action.
For example, when you want to drag a task card from the "to-do" area to the "in progress" area, you need to handle these three events separately.

Set drag data and types
Passing data during drag and drop is the key. Data can be set and retrieved through the DataTransfer
object. For example, in the dragstart
event:
element.addEventListener('dragstart', function(e) { e.dataTransfer.setData("text/plain", "task-123"); });
This code sets the dragged data to "task-123"
and is of plain text ( text/plain
). The receiver can read in a drop
event in a similar way:
target.addEventListener('drop', function(e) { const taskId = e.dataTransfer.getData("text/plain"); console.log("The task ID dragged over is:", taskId); });
Notice:
- The data types must be consistent, otherwise the data may not be obtained.
- If you want to transfer more complex data, such as JSON strings, you can also use the
"application/json"
type.
Key points that allow placement
Many beginners will encounter the problem of "unable to place" because the browser does not allow content to be placed on certain elements by default. You need to call preventDefault()
in dragover
event to allow placement:
target.addEventListener('dragover', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); // This sentence must be added});
If this sentence is not added, drop
event will not trigger at all. This detail is easily overlooked, but it is one of the keys to whether the drag and drop function can work properly.
Tips to improve user experience
Although the functionality is implemented, the experience is also important. You can add some visual feedback to let users know where to put things. For example:
- Add a highlight style to the target area when
dragover
is triggered; - Remove highlights after
dragleave
ordrop
; - These effects can be achieved using CSS's
:active
or custom class names.
This way users know where they are putting things, rather than guessing out of thin air.
Basically that's it. By mastering these core steps, you can implement a basic but practical drag-and-drop function.
The above is the detailed content of Creating Interactive Drag and Drop using HTML5 API. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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