Authentication middleware is a function in Golang HTTP service that is used to verify user identity before request processing. Its core is to intercept requests and decide whether to release them. It is implemented by wrapping http.HandlerFunc, and executes authentication logic before the request enters the business logic. If it fails, it returns 401, and continues to execute subsequent handlers if it succeeds. Multiple middleware can be used in combination with nested calls or wrapper functions to improve scalability and maintainability. When implementing, you need to pay attention to details such as Header format verification, path filtering, performance optimization and error information uniformity.
Handling authentication middleware in Golang HTTP is not complicated, but it requires clarification of the request process and the mechanism of the middleware. The key is to understand how to embed authentication logic into the HTTP request processing chain without interfering with the main business logic.
What is authentication middleware?
In Go's net/http package, middleware is essentially a function that receives http.HandlerFunc and returns a new http.HandlerFunc . Its purpose is to do some pre-operation before actually processing the request, such as verifying the user's identity.
A simple example is to check if there is a legitimate token before accessing certain interfaces. If the authentication fails, you can directly return 401; if successful, the subsequent handler will be executed.
func authMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
token := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
if token != "valid_token" {
http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
Return
}
next(w, r)
}
}How to combine multiple middleware?
Go's middleware can be used overlay. You can use authentication middleware with other middleware (such as logs and stream limits), and you only need to wrap it up layer by layer.
There are two common practices:
Direct nested calls:
http.HandleFunc("/secure", authMiddleware(loggingMiddleware(myHandler)))Use middleware wrapper functions to make the structure clearer:
func applyMiddleware(h http.HandlerFunc, middleware ...func(http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc { for _, m := range middleware { h = m(h) } Return h } //Usage method http.HandleFunc("/secure", applyMiddleware(myHandler, loggingMiddleware, authMiddleware))
The advantage of this method is that it is highly extensible and it is easier to maintain in the future to add new middleware.
What details should be paid attention to in certification middleware?
In actual development, there are several points that are easy to ignore but are very important:
- Header format verification : Don’t just judge whether it exists. It is recommended to do basic format verification, such as
Bearer xxx. - Skip some paths : Some interfaces do not require authentication, such as
/loginor/healthz, and path filtering can be done in middleware. - Performance considerations : Try to avoid time-consuming operations in middleware, such as frequent access to the database, which can be combined with cache or asynchronous processing.
- Unified error information : It is best to keep the error information returned consistent, so that the front-end unified processing is convenient.
For example, the middleware after path filtering might look like this:
func authMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if r.URL.Path == "/login" || r.URL.Path == "/healthz" {
next(w, r)
Return
}
token := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
if !isValidToken(token) {
http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
Return
}
next(w, r)
}
}summary
The core of writing a certification middleware is to figure out two issues: when will the request be intercepted? How to deal with it after interception? As long as the structure is clear and the logic is clear, the middleware can be reused very flexibly. Basically all that is, the rest is to adjust and implement according to specific needs.
The above is the detailed content of How to handle authentication middleware in golang http. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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