Git hooks are used to automatically run scripts before and after commits, pushes and other operations to execute tasks. Specific uses include: 1. Run code checks or tests before submission; 2. Forced submission information format; 3. Send notifications after push. They help unify team specifications and reduce manual steps, such as preventing submissions when tests fail. Git hooks are located in the .git/hooks/ directory in the repository and are not shared by default. They need to be copied manually or used tools such as Husky for team collaboration. Writing a basic hook requires creating an executable file and naming the corresponding event, such as pre-commit, and writing logical judgments there to block or allow operations.
You can create a custom Git hook by placing a script in your .git/hooks directory. These hooks run automatically before or after events like commit , push , and receive . The trick is to name the file correctly and make it execute.
What are Git hooks used for?
Git hooks are scripts that Git executes before or after key actions, such as committing or pushing. They're useful for automating tasks like:
- Running linters or tests before commits
- Enforcing commit message formats
- Sending notifications after pushes
They help enforce team standards and reduce manual steps. For example, a pre-commit hook might stop you from committing if tests fail.
Where do I find Git hooks?
All Git hooks live in the .git/hooks/ folder inside your repository. If you navigate there, you'll see some sample files like pre-commit.sample or prepare-commit-msg.sample .
To use one, just remove the .sample extension and make the file executable with:
chmod x .git/hooks/pre-commit
You can also create new ones — just name them after the event they should trigger on, like post-push or pre-rebase .
How to write a basic Git hook
Let's say you want a hook that checks for large files before each commit (to avoid accidentally adding big binaries). Here's how you'd do it:
- Create a new file:
.git/hooks/pre-commit - Add a shebang at the top, like
#!/bin/bash - Write your logic — here's a simple version:
#!/bin/bash # Prevent committing files larger than 5MB find . -type f -size 5M | grep -v ".git" && echo "Large files detected — commit denied." && exit 1 exit 0
- Save and make it executable with
chmod x .git/hooks/pre-commit
Now, any attempt to commit a file over 5MB will be blocked. You can customize this script to check for file types, code formatting, or anything else you need.
Can Git hooks be shared across teams?
By default, Git hooks aren't shared when you clone a repo — they live only in your local .git/hooks folder. So yes, you can share them, but not automatically.
One common approach is to put your hooks in a hooks/ directory in the project root and have teammates symlink or copy them into .git/hooks/ . Some teams use tools like Husky (for Node.js) or other frameworks to manage this more easily.
Alternatively, you can add a setup script that copies hooks into place when someone runs npm install or similar.
Basically that's it.
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