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Reasonable nesting to avoid duplication
Better style control with CSS
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Defining headers and footers for sections and the document with HTML.

Defining headers and footers for sections and the document with HTML.

Jul 02, 2025 pm 02:54 PM

Use HTML5's <header> and <footer> tags to effectively define the page structure and improve user experience and SEO effects. 1. Document level <header> and <footer> are used for the top and bottom areas of the entire website; 2. Section level <header> and <footer> are used for the title and supplementary information of each block; 3. Each <section> or <article> should contain only one <header> and one <footer> to avoid semantic confusion; 4. Document level <footer> should be placed at the end of the and not nested in any <section>; 5. Different levels of <header> and <footer> can be styled to enhance readability and maintenance through the CSS selector.

Defining headers and footers for sections and the document with HTML.

In web development, defining the header and footer of the page not only helps to have clear structure, but also improves the user experience. HTML5 introduces semantic tags, allowing developers to divide page areas more intuitively. Here are some practical practices to help you better define the headers and footers of the document and its various sections.

Defining headers and footers for sections and the document with HTML.

Package content with <header></header> and <footer></footer>

HTML5 provides special tags to represent headers and footers, which can appear throughout the document or be nested inside a <section></section> or <article></article> .

Defining headers and footers for sections and the document with HTML.
  • Document-level header and footer : Usually used in the top navigation bar and bottom information area of ??a website.
  • section-level header and footer : Title and supplementary information for each independent block.
 <header>
  <h1>My website</h1>
  <nav>...</nav>
</header>

<section>
  <header>
    <h2>About me</h2>
  </header>
  <p>Here is an introduction about me. </p>
  <footer>
    <p>Updated in 2024</p>
  </footer>
</section>

This approach is not only clear in structure, but also helps SEO and screen readers to identify content levels.


Reasonable nesting to avoid duplication

Sometimes you will see some people nesting multiple <header> s together, but this is not recommended. A <section> or <article> generally only requires one <header> and one <footer> .

Defining headers and footers for sections and the document with HTML.

Common misunderstandings:

  • Putting multiple headers in the same section causes semantic confusion.
  • Put the overall footer of the website in a certain section to affect the structural logic.

Correct way to do it:

  • Each section contains only one header and footer.
  • Document level footer should be placed at the end of the body, but not wrapped in any section.

Better style control with CSS

Although HTML tags provide structural distinction, visual performance still needs to be achieved through CSS. You can precisely control headers and footers at different levels through selectors.

for example:

 header {
  background: #333;
  color: white;
  padding: 1em;
}

section > header {
  font-size: 1.5em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
}

This allows the global header and the header in the section to have different styles, which enhances readability.


Basically that's it. Rational use of <header></header> and <footer></footer> can make your HTML structure clearer, more convenient to maintain, and easier to be recognized by search engines and auxiliary tools.

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