What is the grid-template-areas property and how do you use it?
Jul 02, 2025 am 01:14 AM
CSS Grid的grid-template-areas屬性通過命名區(qū)域定義布局，1. 先在容器中用字符串定義行與列的結(jié)構(gòu)；2. 然后為每個網(wǎng)格項指定對應的區(qū)域名稱；3. 支持響應式設計，可在媒體查詢中重新定義區(qū)域排列方式。這種方法直觀易讀，便于維護和調(diào)整布局。
The grid-template-areas property in CSS Grid is a powerful and intuitive way to define the layout of a grid container by assigning names to different sections. Instead of positioning each item individually using line numbers or spans, you can map out your layout like a visual template — making it easier to read and manage.
Defining Layouts with Named Areas
When working with CSS Grid, especially for page-level layouts, it's often helpful to assign names to different regions like "header", "sidebar", "main", and "footer". With grid-template-areas, you create a kind of blueprint that tells the browser how those named areas should be arranged across rows and columns.
For example:
.container {
display: grid;
grid-template-areas:
"header header"
"sidebar main"
"footer footer";
}This creates a simple two-column layout with a header and footer spanning both columns, and a sidebar next to the main content area. Each string represents a row, and space-separated words represent columns within that row.
Make sure the number of cells per row is consistent; otherwise, the declaration will be invalid.
Assigning Grid Items to Areas
Once the layout is defined using grid-template-areas, each grid item needs to be assigned to one of those named areas using the grid-area property.
For example:
.header { grid-area: header; }
.sidebar { grid-area: sidebar; }
.main { grid-area: main; }
.footer { grid-area: footer; }This connects the HTML elements to their respective positions in the layout. The advantage here is clarity — you don’t have to remember line numbers or constantly reference placement rules. It’s also easier to tweak the layout later since you just need to adjust the area names in one place.
Responsive Design Considerations
Using grid-template-areas isn’t limited to static layouts. You can redefine the grid structure at different screen sizes using media queries, allowing for flexible and responsive designs without changing the underlying HTML structure.
For instance:
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.container {
grid-template-areas:
"header"
"sidebar"
"main"
"footer";
}
}This changes the layout from a two-column design on larger screens to a single column stack on smaller devices — all while keeping the same semantic HTML structure.
One thing to watch out for: when redefining areas in media queries, make sure each area name still corresponds correctly to its grid item. Also, avoid using spaces or special characters in area names — stick to letters, numbers, and hyphens for safety.
基本上就這些。
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