在Windows上解壓.zip文件可右鍵選擇“全部提取”，而.tar.gz文件需借助7-Zip或WinRAR等工具；在macOS和Linux上，.zip文件可雙擊或使用unzip命令解壓，.tar.gz文件可用tar命令或直接雙擊解壓。具體步驟為：1. Windows處理.zip文件：右鍵→“全部提取”；2. Windows處理.tar.gz文件：安裝第三方工具→右鍵解壓；3. macOS/Linux處理.zip文件：雙擊或運(yùn)行unzip filename.zip；4. macOS/Linux處理.tar.gz文件：運(yùn)行tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz；此外需注意路徑、權(quán)限及編碼問(wèn)題，如用sudo提升權(quán)限或用-O參數(shù)指定編碼。
解壓 .tar.gz 或 .zip 文件是日常使用電腦時(shí)很常見(jiàn)的操作，不管是處理下載的軟件包、備份資料還是接收別人發(fā)來(lái)的壓縮文件。其實(shí)方法不復(fù)雜，只是不同格式在不同系統(tǒng)下的操作略有差別。下面我們就按常見(jiàn)情況來(lái)分說(shuō)一下。
在 Windows 上如何解壓 .zip 和 .tar.gz 文件
Windows 自帶了解壓 .zip 文件的功能，但對(duì) .tar.gz 就沒(méi)那么直接了。
.zip文件：
只需要右鍵點(diǎn)擊文件，選擇“全部提取”，然后按照提示一步步操作就行。Windows 會(huì)自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)和壓縮包同名的文件夾，并把內(nèi)容放進(jìn)去。.tar.gz文件：
這個(gè)稍微麻煩一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)?Windows 默認(rèn)不支持。你可以安裝像 7-Zip 或者 WinRAR 這樣的工具。安裝完成后，右鍵點(diǎn)擊.tar.gz文件，選擇用這些工具打開(kāi)，就能一層層提取了。通常先解出.tar文件，再繼續(xù)解壓里面的內(nèi)容。
在 macOS 和 Linux 上解壓 .tar.gz 和 .zip
這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)都基于 Unix，命令行操作更方便一些，而且默認(rèn)就支持這些格式。
-
解壓
.zip文件：
用圖形界面的話，雙擊就能打開(kāi)并解壓。如果你喜歡終端（Terminal），可以用這個(gè)命令：unzip filename.zip
如果系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有自帶
unzip，可以先用包管理器安裝，比如 Ubuntu 上用sudo apt install unzip。 解壓
.tar.gz文件：
終端里用一條命令就可以搞定：tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz
這條命令的意思是：
z：表示這是 gzip 壓縮的文件x：表示要解壓v：顯示進(jìn)度f：指定文件名
如果你是圖形界面用戶，macOS 上可以直接雙擊
.tar.gz文件，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)幫你解壓。
解壓時(shí)需要注意的幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)
有些時(shí)候雖然能順利解壓，但結(jié)果可能不如預(yù)期，這里有幾個(gè)容易忽略的小點(diǎn)：
路徑問(wèn)題：
有時(shí)候你運(yùn)行命令后發(fā)現(xiàn)文件被解壓到了奇怪的位置，那是因?yàn)闆](méi)有確認(rèn)當(dāng)前所在的目錄。建議在執(zhí)行命令前先用pwd（Linux/macOS）或者cd（Windows 命令行）看一下當(dāng)前路徑。權(quán)限問(wèn)題（Linux/macOS）：
如果你遇到權(quán)限錯(cuò)誤，可以在命令前面加sudo，比如：sudo tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz
中文亂碼：
某些.zip文件在 Linux 下解壓會(huì)出現(xiàn)文件名亂碼，這是因?yàn)榫幋a格式不一致。可以在解壓時(shí)手動(dòng)指定編碼，比如：unzip -O CP936 filename.zip
基本上就這些。根據(jù)不同系統(tǒng)和格式選擇合適的工具或命令，大多數(shù)時(shí)候都能順利解壓。關(guān)鍵是要知道你面對(duì)的是哪種格式，以及自己用的操作系統(tǒng)支持哪些功能。
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