Local Storage 和 Session Storage 的區(qū)別在于生命周期和適用場(chǎng)景。1. Local Storage 持久化存儲(chǔ)，數(shù)據(jù)長期有效，適合保存用戶偏好、登錄狀態(tài)等信息，同源頁面共享，容量約 5MB；2. Session Storage 僅在當(dāng)前會(huì)話期間有效，關(guān)閉標(biāo)簽頁后數(shù)據(jù)清除，適合臨時(shí)狀態(tài)如表單進(jìn)度保存，各標(biāo)簽頁互不影響。兩者均以鍵值對(duì)操作，API 相似，但敏感數(shù)據(jù)不應(yīng)存放其中。選擇時(shí)根據(jù)是否需要跨頁面或長期使用決定：需長期跨頁面使用選 Local Storage，臨時(shí)狀態(tài)則用 Session Storage。
瀏覽器里的 Local Storage 和 Session Storage 是前端常用的存儲(chǔ)方式，簡(jiǎn)單來說，它們都能在用戶瀏覽網(wǎng)頁時(shí)把數(shù)據(jù)“存起來”，但用法和適用場(chǎng)景不同。
Local Storage：持久化存儲(chǔ)
Local Storage 的最大特點(diǎn)是“持久”。只要你不主動(dòng)清除，它里面的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)一直存在，哪怕關(guān)掉瀏覽器、重啟電腦也不會(huì)丟。
- 適合用來保存長期有效的信息，比如用戶的偏好設(shè)置、登錄狀態(tài)等。
- 存儲(chǔ)容量通常比較大，主流瀏覽器一般支持 5MB 左右。
- 數(shù)據(jù)是綁定在域名下的，也就是說，同一個(gè)網(wǎng)站的不同頁面可以共享這些數(shù)據(jù)。
舉個(gè)例子：你在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上設(shè)置了深色主題，刷新頁面甚至隔天再打開，這個(gè)設(shè)置還在，這就是 Local Storage 在起作用。
使用方法也很簡(jiǎn)單：
// 存數(shù)據(jù)
localStorage.setItem('theme', 'dark');
// 取數(shù)據(jù)
let currentTheme = localStorage.getItem('theme');
// 刪數(shù)據(jù)
localStorage.removeItem('theme');Session Storage：臨時(shí)性存儲(chǔ)
Session Storage 跟 Local Storage 很像，但它只在當(dāng)前會(huì)話期間有效。一旦關(guān)閉標(biāo)簽頁或窗口，里面的數(shù)據(jù)就會(huì)被清空。
- 適合保存一次性或臨時(shí)狀態(tài)，比如表單填寫的中間數(shù)據(jù)、導(dǎo)航狀態(tài)等。
- 同樣以鍵值對(duì)的形式存儲(chǔ)，API 接口也基本一致。
- 每個(gè)標(biāo)簽頁之間互不影響，即使訪問的是同一個(gè)頁面，它們的 session storage 也是獨(dú)立的。
比如你在某個(gè)網(wǎng)頁填了一個(gè)很長的表單，中途刷新頁面沒關(guān)系，但如果關(guān)閉了這個(gè)標(biāo)簽頁，內(nèi)容就沒了。
操作方式類似：
// 存數(shù)據(jù)
sessionStorage.setItem('formProgress', 'half');
// 取數(shù)據(jù)
let progress = sessionStorage.getItem('formProgress');
// 刪數(shù)據(jù)
sessionStorage.removeItem('formProgress');兩者的區(qū)別與選擇建議
| 特性 | Local Storage | Session Storage |
|---|---|---|
| 生命周期 | 永久（除非手動(dòng)清除） | 當(dāng)前會(huì)話期間 |
| 關(guān)閉頁面是否保留 | 是 | 否 |
| 是否共享數(shù)據(jù) | 同源頁面共享 | 同源頁面不共享 |
| 容量限制 | 一般 5MB 左右 | 類似 Local Storage |
選擇的時(shí)候可以這樣考慮：
- 如果數(shù)據(jù)需要跨多個(gè)頁面、多個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)使用 → 用 Local Storage
- 如果只是臨時(shí)狀態(tài)、不想污染長期數(shù)據(jù) → 用 Session Storage
不過要注意安全問題，這兩個(gè)存儲(chǔ)都運(yùn)行在客戶端，不適合放敏感信息（比如密碼、token），否則容易被腳本讀取，造成安全隱患。
基本上就這些。兩種存儲(chǔ)機(jī)制各有用途，理解清楚它們的區(qū)別和適用場(chǎng)景，能幫你更好地管理前端的狀態(tài)和數(shù)據(jù)。
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