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Table of Contents
What does the role attribute do?
How role works with ARIA attributes
When should you use role?
A few common mistakes to avoid
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial What is the role in html attributes and how does it relate to ARIA for accessibility?

What is the role in html attributes and how does it relate to ARIA for accessibility?

Jul 01, 2025 am 01:30 AM

The role attribute defines what an element is or does when using native HTML elements isn’t possible. 1. It tells assistive technologies like screen readers how to interpret custom components built with non-semantic elements such as

or . 2. Common roles include navigation, button, alert, and dialog to convey intended functionality. 3. Role works alongside ARIA attributes like aria-expanded and aria-label to create accessible interactive components such as menus, accordions, and modals. 4. Use role when building custom widgets, repurposing basic elements, or enhancing semantics beyond standard HTML. 5. Avoid misusing role by ensuring interactive elements are keyboard accessible, not overriding native semantics unnecessarily, and updating roles dynamically with UI changes.

What is the role in html attributes and how does it relate to ARIA for accessibility?

HTML attributes like role play a key role in making web content more accessible, especially for users who rely on assistive technologies such as screen readers. While HTML has built-in semantics—like using <button></button> for buttons or <nav></nav> for navigation areas—sometimes developers need to go beyond standard elements to convey the correct meaning. That’s where ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) comes in, and the role attribute is one of its core tools.

What is the role in html attributes and how does it relate to ARIA for accessibility?

What does the role attribute do?

The role attribute helps define what an element is or does, especially when it's not possible or practical to use a native HTML element. For example, if you're building a custom dropdown menu using <div>s and <code><span></span>s, a screen reader might not know how to interpret those elements without extra help.What is the role in html attributes and how does it relate to ARIA for accessibility?

By adding something like role="menu" or role="menuitem", you’re telling assistive technologies that this block behaves like a menu with selectable items. This doesn’t change how the element looks visually but gives screen readers the context they need to present the information correctly.

Some common roles include:

What is the role in html attributes and how does it relate to ARIA for accessibility?
  • navigation – for site navigation links
  • button – when creating a clickable element that isn't a <button></button>
  • alert – to announce important messages
  • dialog – for modal windows

How role works with ARIA attributes

ARIA includes not just roles, but also states and properties like aria-expanded, aria-label, and aria-selected. These work together to provide richer accessibility information.

For instance, imagine a collapsible accordion component. You might use:

<div role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="panel1">
  Click to expand
</div>
<div id="panel1" role="region" aria-hidden="true">
  Hidden content here.
</div>

In this case:

  • role="button" tells screen readers this is interactive
  • aria-expanded indicates whether the section is open or closed
  • aria-controls links the button to the content it controls
  • aria-hidden tells the screen reader whether to read the content

All these pieces work together to create an accessible experience that mimics native behavior.


When should you use role?

You don’t always need to use role. In fact, if there's a native HTML element that already represents the function, you should use that instead. Native elements come with built-in keyboard support and accessibility semantics.

Use role when:

  • You're building a custom component that doesn’t have a native equivalent (like tabs, sliders, or complex widgets)
  • You're repurposing a basic element like a <div> or <code><span></span> to act like something else
  • You're enhancing existing markup to better communicate intent to screen readers
  • One thing to note: some roles are meant to be used only in specific contexts. For example, role="grid" should only be used with elements containing rows and cells (role="row" and role="gridcell"), otherwise it can confuse screen reader users.


    A few common mistakes to avoid

    Sometimes using role incorrectly can make things less accessible. Here are a few pitfalls to watch out for:

    • ? Using role="button" on a non-interactive element like a plain <div> without adding keyboard support (like <code>tabindex="0" and handling Enter/Space key events)
    • ? Overriding native semantics unnecessarily, like putting role="paragraph" on a <p></p> tag
    • ? Forgetting to update roles and ARIA attributes dynamically as the UI changes (e.g., forgetting to toggle aria-expanded when a menu opens)
    • Also, not all roles are supported across all browsers and screen readers, so it’s worth checking ARIA specs or using tools like axe or Lighthouse to test your implementation.


      It’s not magic, but when used properly, the role attribute and ARIA can make a big difference in how accessible your site feels to users who rely on screen readers. Just remember: start with semantic HTML, then enhance with ARIA where needed.

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