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4. File corruption or disk error
Home Computer Tutorials Troubleshooting Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file

Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file

Jun 30, 2025 pm 04:06 PM
windows file access

When you encounter the prompt "Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file", it is usually caused by permission problems, path errors or system restrictions. The solution is as follows: 1. Check the permissions of the file or folder, right-click and select the "Properties" → "Security" tab to ensure that the current user has "Read" or "Full Control" permissions. If it cannot be modified, you need to obtain ownership; 2. The path is too long or contains special characters, and this problem can also be caused. It is recommended to move the file to a shorter path and avoid naming with Chinese, spaces or special symbols; 3. System policies or third-party software may block access, try to close the antivirus software or run the command icacls "Path" /grant administrators:F grant administrator permissions; 4. If the file is on an external storage device, it may be that the device is damaged or the disk is wrong, you can connect it to another computer to check, or right-click the device in "This computer" to select "Error Check". You can also use the command chkdsk D: /f /r to repair the disk.

Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file

You encounter the prompt "Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file" usually due to permission issues, file path errors, or system settings restrictions. Don't worry, this situation can be solved most of the time.

Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file

Here are some common reasons and corresponding solutions that you can try according to your situation:

Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file

1. Check whether the permission settings are correct

This is one of the most common reasons. If you do not have permission to access a file or folder, Windows will refuse to operate.

  • Right-click the file or folder where the problem occurs and select "Properties"
  • Switch to the "Safe" tab
  • Check if the user you are currently logged in has "read" or "full control" permissions if not:
    • Click the "Edit" button to select your username
    • Check "Full Control" or other required permissions below, and click OK

If you are an administrator but still cannot modify permissions, you may need to obtain ownership. You can search for "How to get file ownership Windows", there are many detailed tutorials on the Internet.

Windows cannot access the specified device, path, or file

2. The path is too long or contains special characters

Windows has a limit on file path length (default is 260 characters), and if the path is too long, it will also be inaccessible.

  • Try moving the file to a shorter path, such as directly in the root directory of the D disk
  • Avoid naming folders or files with Chinese, spaces, or special symbols (such as *? , etc.)

For example, this path: C:\Users\Name\Documents\項目資料\2024\Q3\報告\最終版\修改后\再改一次\ , it is likely that the limit will be exceeded.

In addition, some programs generate paths that may automatically nest many layers, so it is recommended to manually organize the structure.


3. System policy or third-party software restrictions

In some cases, it may be that Group Policy sets access restrictions, or that antivirus/encryption software blocks access.

  • Try temporarily closing the antivirus software or firewall to see if it can be accessed

  • If it is a company computer, it may be locked by IT policies. Contact the administrator to handle it.

  • Open a command prompt (run as administrator) and enter the following command to see if there is a lock:

     icacls "Full path to the file" /grant administrators:F

This command means giving the administrator group full control permissions, paying attention to replacing the paths in quotes.


4. File corruption or disk error

If the file error occurs in the USB drive or external hard drive, it may also be that there is a problem with the device itself.

  • Plug the device into another computer to see if it can be turned on

  • Right-click Device → Properties → Tools → Error Check in "This Computer", and run the scan

  • If it is a NTFS format disk, you can use the command line to fix it:

     chkdsk D: /f /r

Where D: is the drive letter you want to check, make sure the device is connected before execution.


Basically these common reasons. You can check it in order, most of the time it is a matter of permissions or paths. If you accidentally correct the permissions, remember to restore them to the same to avoid affecting system stability.

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