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Table of Contents
1. Use OPcache to improve script parsing speed
2. Reduce database queries and use cache reasonably
3. Optimize PHP-FPM configuration and improve concurrent processing capabilities
4. Avoid unnecessary framework functions and third-party dependencies
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial How to optimize PHP runtime performance?

How to optimize PHP runtime performance?

Jun 30, 2025 am 01:49 AM
php performance optimization Runtime optimization

PHP performance optimization needs to start from the core link. 1. Turn on OPcache to significantly improve script parsing speed and reduce duplicate compilation; 2. Reduce database queries and use cache reasonably (such as Redis, Memcached, APCu) to reduce database pressure; 3. Optimize PHP-FPM configuration (such as adjusting max_children, setting request_terminate_timeout) to improve concurrent processing capabilities; 4. Avoid unnecessary framework functions and third-party dependencies, streamline code structure, and reduce runtime overhead. These methods are gradually applied in daily development and can effectively improve performance.

How to optimize PHP runtime performance?

PHP performance optimization is actually not difficult, but the key is to start from several core links. Many websites experience lag after traffic, and the problems often lie in PHP's execution efficiency, resource usage and request processing methods. The following aspects are the most commonly optimized parts in my daily development.

How to optimize PHP runtime performance?

1. Use OPcache to improve script parsing speed

PHP is an interpreted language, and the code must be reloaded and compiled by default for every request. This puts a lot of pressure on the server, especially when there are a lot of visits.

How to optimize PHP runtime performance?

The function of OPcache is to cache the compiled bytecode to avoid repeated compilation. After turning on, the performance improvement is very obvious.

  • Make sure opcache.enable=1 is enabled in php.ini
  • Recommended setting opcache.memory_consumption=128 (adjust according to the project size)
  • The development environment can turn off OPcache or set opcache.validate_timestamps=1 to automatically detect updates.

This step is one of the most basic and effective optimizations, and it can be effective without changing the code.

How to optimize PHP runtime performance?

2. Reduce database queries and use cache reasonably

Databases are often the hardest hit areas of performance bottlenecks. Frequent queries, slow queries, and no index will slow down the entire PHP request process.

Common practices include:

  • Caches some data that reads more and writes less to Redis or Memcached
  • Use local caches (such as APCu) to store temporary calculation results
  • For complex queries, consider introducing a cache layer or asynchronous task to preprocess data

For example: a user's homepage needs to display the recent article list and author information. If the database is checked every time, there may be multiple JOIN queries. At this time, these combined data can be cached for a period of time, such as updating once every 5 minutes, which can reduce a lot of database pressure.


3. Optimize PHP-FPM configuration and improve concurrent processing capabilities

PHP-FPM is PHP's FastCGI process manager, which directly affects the response time and concurrency capabilities of requests.

Common tuning advantages include:

  • Adjust pm.max_children to prevent memory from bursting
  • Set a reasonable request_terminate_timeout to avoid long-term requests to drag down services
  • Use pm=dynamic mode to save resources when load is low

It is recommended to configure the server's CPU core number and memory size, and then observe the effect through pressure measurement. For example, a server with 4G memory can usually set max_children to around 20.


4. Avoid unnecessary framework functions and third-party dependencies

Although modern PHP frameworks are powerful, we often only use a small part of them. Over-dependence on framework features, such as event listening, middleware, ORM automation, etc., will bring additional overhead.

A few suggestions:

  • If you are just doing APIs, you can consider lightweight frameworks or bare write port files
  • Don't abuse the lazy loading function of ORM, as it can easily cause N1 query
  • Clean the composer package regularly and delete unnecessary dependencies

For example, Laravel's Eloquent ORM is very convenient, but if you do not pay attention to the data batch processing, it can easily lead to memory overflow or execution time too long.


Basically that's it. Optimizing PHP performance is not something that can be achieved overnight, but rather that you need to accumulate experience and gradually adjust it in daily development. Some seemingly small changes, such as changing the cache strategy or adjusting the FPM parameters, can actually bring significant performance improvements.

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