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Table of Contents
Verify the Referer header information
Using Anti-CSRF Token (recommended practice)
Synchronize SameSite Cookie Attributes
Use two-factor verification for sensitive operations
Home Web Front-end Front-end Q&A How to prevent CSRF attacks

How to prevent CSRF attacks

Jun 30, 2025 am 12:35 AM

The key to preventing CSRF attacks is to verify the authenticity of the request source, which is mainly achieved through the following methods: 1. Verify the Referer header information as an auxiliary means; 2. Use Anti-CSRF token as the core defense. The specific steps include the server generating a unique token, saving it, passing it back when submitting the front-end, and verifying the server comparison; 3. Set the SameSite Cookie attribute to Strict or Lax to limit cross-site requests; 4. Use two-factor verification for sensitive operations, such as entering the password or verification code again. These methods can be combined to build a relatively complete protection system.

The key to preventing CSRF attacks is to verify whether the source of the request is true and trustworthy. CSRF (cross-site request forgery) attacks exploit involuntary requests induced by the user when he is logged in, so the core of defense is to ensure that each request is indeed intentionally issued by the user himself.

Here are some practical and feasible practices that can effectively prevent such attacks:


Verify the Referer header information

Most browsers will bring Referer header when initiating a request, indicating which page the request was issued from. The server can check this header to determine whether the request comes from its own website.

  • If you find that the requested Referer does not belong to your domain name, you can directly reject it.
  • Note: Some browsers or privacy settings may hide Referer and cannot rely entirely on it.
  • It is recommended to use it as an auxiliary means rather than the only line of defense.

This is the most commonly used and effective defense method at present. The basic idea is to add a randomly generated one-time token (Token) to each form or sensitive operation. After the server receives the request, it will verify whether the token exists and is legal.

The specific implementation steps are as follows:

  • When a user accesses a form page, the server generates a unique token and saves it in a Session or Cookie.
  • When the form is submitted, the front-end passes the token back as a hidden field or a request header.
  • The server compares the token, and if it does not match, the operation will be refused.

This method works because attackers cannot easily obtain the user's token (unless there is an XSS vulnerability).


Modern browsers support the SameSite attribute, which can limit the sending behavior of cookies in cross-site requests.

  • Set to SameSite=Strict : Cookies will only be sent in the same site request, completely preventing cross-site requests from carrying cookies.
  • Set to SameSite=Lax : Allows some secure cross-site GET requests, such as clicking on links.
  • It is recommended to enable at least Lax mode as an additional layer of security.

Use two-factor verification for sensitive operations

For particularly sensitive operations (such as modifying passwords, deleting accounts, etc.), the user can be asked to enter the password or verification code again before submitting.

  • In this way, even if the attacker induces the user to initiate a request, it cannot pass the secondary verification.
  • Although user operation steps have been added, security has been improved.

These methods have certain limitations when used alone, but combined can form a relatively complete protection system. Anti-CSRF Token is the core, and with SameSite Cookie and Referer verification, it can basically block most of the attacks.

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