How to compile and install software from source code?
Jun 19, 2025 am 12:31 AM
The core steps of compiling and installing software are: download source code, decompression, configuration, compilation, and installation. First, prepare the environment and dependencies, such as the gcc compiler, make tools and development libraries, and use the corresponding commands to install the basic tools in different systems; then download the source code package from the official website or GitHub and decompress it to the working directory, enter the decompressed directory to run ./configure to configure the environment and generate a Makefile; then execute the make command to compile, and use sudo make install to install the software after completion; after installation, you may need to manually add environment variables to run, and write the path to the .bashrc or .zshrc file to make it permanently effective. During uninstallation, you need to manually delete the installation directory and related settings to avoid residual files.
It is actually not difficult to compile and install software, but it may be a bit fascinating for those who are new to it. The core steps are: download source code, decompress, configure, compile, and install. As long as you have basic command line operation capabilities, most software can be installed smoothly.
Be prepared for environment and dependencies
Before you start, you have to confirm whether there are necessary tools in the system. For example, common gcc compilers, make tools, and development libraries. The installation methods of different systems are slightly different:
- Ubuntu/Debian : You can run
sudo apt install build-essential - CentOS/RHEL : Use
sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" - macOS : Install the Xcode command line tool and use
xcode-select --install
In addition, some software also relies on specific libraries, such as zlib and openssl . It is best to check its documentation and install these dependencies in advance before installation.
Download and decompress the source code package
Most open source software will provide the source code package of .tar.gz or .tar.bz2 , which is generally downloaded from the official website or GitHub. After getting the file, put it in a working directory you like, such as ~/Downloads or /usr/local/src/ .
Common decompression commands:
tar -zxvf software.tar.gz # Unzip .tar.gz file tar -jxvf software.tar.bz2 # Unzip .tar.bz2 file
After decompression, a folder will be generated. Enter that directory and you are ready to start configuration.
Three steps: configuration, compilation and installation
After entering the source directory, the first step is usually to run the ./configure script. It will check your system environment and generate the corresponding Makefile file.
You can add some parameters to customize the installation path or functional module, such as:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/software_name
After this step is completed, the compilation begins:
Make
This process may range from several minutes to dozens of minutes, depending on the software size and machine performance.
Last install:
sudo make install
This step is usually to copy the compiled program to the specified directory of the system.
Things to note after installation
After installation, some software needs to manually add environment variables to run directly. For example, if you install /usr/local/software_name , you can add its bin directory to PATH :
export PATH=/usr/local/software_name/bin:$PATH
In order to take effect permanently, this sentence can be written into the .bashrc or .zshrc file.
In addition, if you uninstall the software, remember to manually delete the installation directory and environment variable settings, otherwise a bunch of files will remain in the system.
Basically all this is it. Although the whole process has many steps, each step is not complicated. As long as you pay attention to dependencies and path settings, most problems can be avoided.
The above is the detailed content of How to compile and install software from source code?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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