Golang is usually slower than C, but Golang has more advantages in concurrent programming and development efficiency: 1) Golang's garbage collection and concurrency model makes it perform well in high concurrency scenarios; 2) C obtains higher performance through manual memory management and hardware optimization, but has higher development complexity.
introduction
In the programming world, speed is often a key indicator of the quality of a language. Today we are going to discuss the speed difference between Golang and C. Both languages ??were chosen because they both received high performance attention, but their working principles and design philosophy were very different. Through this article, you will learn about the performance of these two languages ??in different scenarios and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Whether you are a new programmer or an experienced developer, this article will provide you with valuable insights and practical experience.
Review of basic knowledge
Golang, or the more commonly spoken Go language, is developed by Google and aims to provide efficient concurrent programming support and concise syntax. One of its design goals is to make programming easier without sacrificing performance. The Go compiled binary files can run directly on the target platform, which makes it perform well in cross-platform development.
C is an older language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983. It is based on C language and adds the features of object-oriented programming. C is known for its high performance and is widely used in systems programming, game development and high-performance computing. Because C provides control capabilities close to hardware, developers can fine-tune code to achieve higher execution efficiency.
Core concept or function analysis
Performance mechanisms of Golang and C
Golang's performance advantages are mainly reflected in its garbage collection mechanism and concurrency model. The Go language garbage collector is designed to be very efficient and can recycle memory without significantly affecting program performance. In addition, Go's goroutine and channel mechanisms make concurrent programming simple and efficient, and these features make Go perform excellently when handling concurrent tasks.
C relies on manual memory management, and developers need to manage the allocation and release of memory themselves. Although this increases the complexity of development, it also makes C more flexible and efficient in memory management. C has more room for performance optimization, because developers can directly operate hardware resources and perform detailed optimizations.
How it works
Golang's compiler will compile Go code into intermediate code and then generate machine code. Go's runtime provides functions such as garbage collection, concurrent scheduling. Although these functions increase some overhead, they also greatly improve the development efficiency of Go language.
The compilation process of C is more complex, involving preprocessing, compiling and linking steps. The code generated by the C compiler is usually closer to the hardware and can directly manipulate memory and registers, which gives C a natural performance advantage.
Example of usage
Basic usage
Let's start with a simple example and compare how fast Golang and C are performing a simple loop:
Golang:
package main import ( "fmt" "time" ) func main() { start := time.Now() sum := 0 for i := 0; i < 10000000; i { sum = i } elapsed := time.Since(start) fmt.Printf("Sum: %d, Time: %v\n", sum, elapsed) }
C:
#include <iostream> #include <chrono> int main() { auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); long long sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i ) { sum = i; } auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start); std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << ", Time: " << duration.count() << " ms" << std::endl; return 0; }
The functions of these two programs are the same, both of which calculate the sum of 100 million to 100 million. By running these two programs, we can see that C is usually faster than Golang because C's loop operation is closer to the hardware.
Advanced Usage
Now, let's look at the performance differences when handling concurrent tasks:
Golang:
package main import ( "fmt" "sync" "time" ) func worker(id int, wg *sync.WaitGroup, sum *int) { defer wg.Done() for i := 0; i < 1000000; i { *sum = i } } func main() { start := time.Now() var sum int var wg sync.WaitGroup for i := 0; i < 4; i { wg.Add(1) go worker(i, &wg, &sum) } wg.Wait() elapsed := time.Since(start) fmt.Printf("Sum: %d, Time: %v\n", sum, elapsed) }
C:
#include <iostream> #include <chrono> #include <thread> #include <atomic> #include <vector> void worker(int id, std::atomic<long long>& sum) { for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i ) { sum.fetch_add(i, std::memory_order_relaxed); } } int main() { auto start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); std::atomic<long long> sum(0); std::vector<std::thread> threads; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ) { threads.emplace_back(worker, i, std::ref(sum)); } for (auto& t : threads) { t.join(); } auto end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now(); auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start); std::cout << "Sum: " << sum << ", Time: " << duration.count() << " ms" << std::endl; return 0; }
In this concurrency example, Golang's goroutine and channel make concurrent programming very simple, while C requires std::thread and std::atomic to handle concurrency. While C may have a slight advantage in performance, Golang's concurrent programming model is easier to use and maintain.
Common Errors and Debugging Tips
A common mistake when using Golang is to ignore the lifecycle management of goroutines, which can lead to memory leaks. The solution to this problem is to use sync.WaitGroup to ensure that all goroutines are executed.
In C, a common mistake is to forget to free dynamically allocated memory, which can lead to memory leaks. The solution to this problem is to use smart pointers such as std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr) to manage memory.
Performance optimization and best practices
In Golang, an important aspect of performance optimization is to avoid frequent garbage collection. You can use sync.Pool to reuse objects to reduce the pressure of garbage collection. In addition, the rational use of goroutine and channel can significantly improve concurrency performance.
In C, performance optimization usually involves meticulous memory management and algorithm optimization. Using RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization) technology ensures the correct management of resources and avoids memory leaks. At the same time, using the template characteristics of C, you can write efficient generic code.
In-depth thinking and suggestions
When choosing Golang or C, you need to consider the specific needs of the project. If your project requires high concurrency and rapid development, Golang may be a better choice. Its garbage collection and concurrency model allows developers to focus more on business logic than on underlying details.
However, if your project has extremely high performance requirements and you have enough time and resources to optimize carefully, C is a better choice. C provides control capabilities close to hardware, which can achieve ultimate performance optimization.
In actual projects, I used Golang to develop a highly concurrent web service, which used its goroutine and channel mechanisms to greatly simplify the complexity of concurrent programming and achieve good performance. On the other hand, I also used C in a game engine project that requires extreme performance, and achieved efficient rendering and computing through meticulous memory management and algorithm optimization.
In general, Golang and C each have their own advantages, and which language to choose depends on your project requirements and the team's technology stack. Hopefully this article provides you with some valuable insights to help you make smarter choices.
The above is the detailed content of Golang vs. C : Assessing the Speed Difference. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











ThemoveassignmentoperatorinC isaspecialmemberfunctionthatefficientlytransfersresourcesfromatemporaryobjecttoanexistingone.ItisdefinedasMyClass&operator=(MyClass&&other)noexcept;,takinganon-constrvaluereferencetoallowmodificationofthesour

Object slice refers to the phenomenon that only part of the base class data is copied when assigning or passing a derived class object to a base class object, resulting in the loss of new members of the derived class. 1. Object slices occur in containers that directly assign values, pass parameters by value, or store polymorphic objects in storage base classes; 2. The consequences include data loss, abnormal behavior and difficult to debug; 3. Avoiding methods include passing polymorphic objects using pointers or references, or using smart pointers to manage the object life cycle.

RAII is an important technology used in resource management in C. Its core lies in automatically managing resources through the object life cycle. Its core idea is: resources are acquired at construction time and released at destruction, thereby avoiding leakage problems caused by manual release. For example, when there is no RAII, the file operation requires manually calling fclose. If there is an error in the middle or return in advance, you may forget to close the file; and after using RAII, such as the FileHandle class encapsulates the file operation, the destructor will be automatically called after leaving the scope to release the resource. 1.RAII is used in lock management (such as std::lock_guard), 2. Memory management (such as std::unique_ptr), 3. Database and network connection management, etc.

There are many initialization methods in C, which are suitable for different scenarios. 1. Basic variable initialization includes assignment initialization (inta=5;), construction initialization (inta(5);) and list initialization (inta{5};), where list initialization is more stringent and recommended; 2. Class member initialization can be assigned through constructor body or member initialization list (MyClass(intval):x(val){}), which is more efficient and suitable for const and reference members. C 11 also supports direct initialization within the class; 3. Array and container initialization can be used in traditional mode or C 11's std::array and std::vector, support list initialization and improve security; 4. Default initialization

An interface is not a pointer type, it contains two pointers: dynamic type and value. 1. The interface variable stores the type descriptor and data pointer of the specific type; 2. When assigning the pointer to the interface, it stores a copy of the pointer, and the interface itself is not a pointer type; 3. Whether the interface is nil requires the type and value to be judged at the same time; 4. When the method receiver is a pointer, only the pointer type can realize the interface; 5. In actual development, pay attention to the difference between the value copy and pointer transfer of the interface. Understanding these can avoid runtime errors and improve code security.

C STL improves code efficiency through containers, algorithms and iterators. 1. The container includes vector (dynamic array, suitable for tail insertion and deletion), list (bidirectional linked list, suitable for frequent intermediate insertion and deletion), map and set (based on red and black trees, automatic sorting and searching fast). When choosing, consider the use scenario and time complexity; 2. Algorithms such as sort(), find(), copy(), etc. operate the data range through iterators to improve universality and security. When using it, pay attention to whether the original data is modified and the iterator's validity; 3. Function objects and lambda expressions can be used for custom operations. lambdas are suitable for simple logic, and function objects are suitable for multiplexing or complex logic. At the same time, pay attention to capturing the list to avoid dangling references. Palm

The bit operator in C is used to directly operate binary bits of integers, and is suitable for systems programming, embedded development, algorithm optimization and other fields. 1. Common bit operators include bitwise and (&), bitwise or (|), bitwise XOR (^), bitwise inverse (~), and left shift (). 2. Use scenario stateful flag management, mask operation, performance optimization, and encryption/compression algorithms. 3. Notes include distinguishing bit operations from logical operations, avoiding unsafe right shifts to signed numbers, and not overuse affecting readability. It is also recommended to use macros or constants to improve code clarity, pay attention to operation order, and verify behavior through tests.

The destructor in C is a special member function that is automatically called when an object is out of scope or is explicitly deleted. Its main purpose is to clean up resources that an object may acquire during its life cycle, such as memory, file handles, or network connections. The destructor is automatically called in the following cases: when a local variable leaves scope, when a delete is called on the pointer, and when an external object containing the object is destructed. When defining the destructor, you need to add ~ before the class name, and there are no parameters and return values. If undefined, the compiler generates a default destructor, but does not handle dynamic memory releases. Notes include: Each class can only have one destructor and does not support overloading; it is recommended to set the destructor of the inherited class to virtual; the destructor of the derived class will be executed first and then automatically called.
