The key to dealing with API authentication is to understand and use the authentication method correctly. 1. APIKey is the simplest authentication method, usually placed in the request header or URL parameters; 2. BasicAuth uses username and password for Base64 encoding transmission, which is suitable for internal systems; 3. OAuth2 needs to obtain the token first through client_id and client_secret, and then bring the BearerToken in the request header; 4. In order to deal with the token expiration, the token management class can be encapsulated and automatically refreshed the token; in short, selecting the appropriate method according to the document and safely storing the key information is the key.

How to efficiently handle large JSON files in Python? 1. Use the ijson library to stream and avoid memory overflow through item-by-item parsing; 2. If it is in JSONLines format, you can read it line by line and process it with json.loads(); 3. Or split the large file into small pieces and then process it separately. These methods effectively solve the memory limitation problem and are suitable for different scenarios.

In Python, the method of traversing tuples with for loops includes directly iterating over elements, getting indexes and elements at the same time, and processing nested tuples. 1. Use the for loop directly to access each element in sequence without managing the index; 2. Use enumerate() to get the index and value at the same time. The default index is 0, and the start parameter can also be specified; 3. Nested tuples can be unpacked in the loop, but it is necessary to ensure that the subtuple structure is consistent, otherwise an unpacking error will be raised; in addition, the tuple is immutable and the content cannot be modified in the loop. Unwanted values can be ignored by \_. It is recommended to check whether the tuple is empty before traversing to avoid errors.

In Python, although there is no built-in final keyword, it can simulate unsurpassable methods through name rewriting, runtime exceptions, decorators, etc. 1. Use double underscore prefix to trigger name rewriting, making it difficult for subclasses to overwrite methods; 2. judge the caller type in the method and throw an exception to prevent subclass redefinition; 3. Use a custom decorator to mark the method as final, and check it in combination with metaclass or class decorator; 4. The behavior can be encapsulated as property attributes to reduce the possibility of being modified. These methods provide varying degrees of protection, but none of them completely restrict the coverage behavior.

The falsy values ??in Python include: empty string ''; numbers 0 and 0.0; empty list []; empty dictionary {}; empty tuple(); boolean value False; special value None. Almost all other values ??except these values ??are truthy, such as non-zero numbers, non-empty strings, non-empty data structures, and default custom objects. In actual development, you need to pay attention to: ifxisnotNone should be used to check whether it is None; when processing function returns a value, you need to judge in combination with business logic; you can use the truthy/falsy feature to simplify conditional expressions, but be careful to avoid misunderstandings or errors. Understanding the concepts of truthy and falsy helps to write more reliable and concise conditional judgment codes.

AdecoratorinPythonisafunctionorclassthatwrapsanotherfunctiontoextendormodifyitsbehaviorwithoutalteringitssourcecode.Itworksbytakingafunctionasanargumentandreturninganewfunction,oftenusingthe@decorator_namesyntax.1.Abasicdecoratoraddsfunctionalitybefo

ifelse is the infrastructure used in Python for conditional judgment, and different code blocks are executed through the authenticity of the condition. It supports the use of elif to add branches when multi-condition judgment, and indentation is the syntax key; if num=15, the program outputs "this number is greater than 10"; if the assignment logic is required, ternary operators such as status="adult"ifage>=18else"minor" can be used. 1. Ifelse selects the execution path according to the true or false conditions; 2. Elif can add multiple condition branches; 3. Indentation determines the code's ownership, errors will lead to exceptions; 4. The ternary operator is suitable for simple assignment scenarios.

The key to writing a good Python docstring is to follow norms, unify styles, include necessary information and use tools to assist. 1. Follow the basic specifications of PEP257, use three quotes to wrap the content, briefly explain the function in the first sentence, and describe the parameters and return values in detail after emptying a line. 2. Choose a common style such as GoogleStyle and maintain uniformity to improve readability and collaboration efficiency. 3. Contains key information such as function description, parameter type and meaning, return value type and meaning, and adds exception descriptions and example usage depending on the situation. 4. Use the editor plug-in to automatically generate templates and check the format through tools such as pydocstyle to ensure the correctness of the specification.