How to Safely Update a WPF UI from a Separate Background Thread?
Jan 06, 2025 am 02:51 AMHow to Update UI from Another Thread Running in Another Class
Problem Statement:
In a multi-threaded WPF application, there's a need to update the UI from a background thread running in a separate class. The goal is to keep the UI responsive while lengthy calculations are being performed.
Solution using Event Dispatching:
- Dispatch from Background Thread: Within the background thread, use Dispatcher.Invoke to execute a delegate on the UI thread. This approach allows you to make UI updates directly from the other thread.
- Handle Dispatch in UI Class: Register an event handler in the UI class to receive the UI update request. In the event handler, use the Invoke action to update the UI.
Example Code:
public partial class MainWindow : Window { public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } private void startCalc(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { inputValues input = new inputValues(); calcClass calculations = new calcClass(); try { // Parse user inputs } catch { // Handle input errors } // Register event handler calculations.ProgressUpdate += OnProgressUpdate; // Start background calculations Thread calcthread = new Thread( new ParameterizedThreadStart(calculations.testMethod)); calcthread.Start(input); } private void OnProgressUpdate(object sender, YourEventArgs args) { Dispatcher.Invoke((Action)delegate() { // Update UI based on event arguments }); } } public class calcClass { public event EventHandler<YourEventArgs> ProgressUpdate; public void testmethod(inputValues input) { for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { // Perform calculations // Raise ProgressUpdate event when needed if (ProgressUpdate != null) ProgressUpdate(this, new YourEventArgs(status)); Thread.Sleep(10); } } }
Advantages of Event Dispatching:
- Simple to implement
- Allows precise control over UI updates
- Maintains a clean separation of UI and non-UI code
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