How to Structure a Model in MVC
Understanding MVC
MVC (Model-View-Controller) is a pattern used in software development to separate an application's concerns into three distinct layers: the model, view, and controller. In an MVC framework, the model represents the application's business logic and data.
Defining a Model
A model should not be confused with a class or a single object. Rather, it is a layer that consists of three types of structures:
- Domain Objects: Represent logical entities and contain business logic, but are not aware of storage or retrieval mechanisms.
- Data Mappers: Responsible for interacting with data storage, such as performing SQL queries or reading/writing XML files.
- Services: Facilitate interaction between domain objects and data mappers, providing a higher-level interface for business logic.
Interaction with the Model
Access to Services:
- Use dependency injection or a service factory to inject service instances into views and controllers.
Altering Model State:
- Controllers modify the model's state based on user input, such as logging in a user or validating data.
Showing State Changes:
- Views display the updated state of the model to the user, for instance, redirecting to a different page after login.
Building the Model
- Services: Define service methods that encapsulate business logic, hiding the underlying implementation details.
- Domain Objects: Implement the domain's concepts and logic without any knowledge of persistence.
- Mappers: Create custom data mappers for specific classes or superclasses to abstract away persistence and data access concerns.
Additional Considerations
-
Database Tables and the Model:
- Domain objects and mappers do not always have a 1:1:1 relationship with database tables.
- One mapper can affect multiple tables, and vice versa.
- A single domain object's data can be stored in multiple tables, or vice versa.
- There can be multiple mappers for a single domain object.
-
View vs. Template:
- Views handle presentation logic, not just templates.
- A single view can use multiple templates based on the data it receives.
-
Controller and View Relationship:
- Maintain a 1:1 relationship between views and controllers.
- Each view should have a dedicated controller for its functionality.
The above is the detailed content of How Do I Structure a Model Effectively in an MVC Framework?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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