Backend Development
C++
How Can I Make My Custom Types Iterable Using Range-Based For Loops in C ?
How Can I Make My Custom Types Iterable Using Range-Based For Loops in C ?
Dec 28, 2024 pm 10:06 PM
Using "Range-Based for Loops" with Custom Types
Custom Type Integration
To enable "range-based for loops" on your custom type, you can implement the following:
- Member Functions: Define begin() and end() member functions that return objects that act like iterators.
- Free Functions: Create free functions begin(Type&) and end(Type&) with the same namespace as your custom type, returning objects that behave like iterators.
Namespace Considerations
- If your custom type belongs to the xml namespace, define xml::begin() or xml::end() to ensure the correct namespace association.
Return Value Requirements
The objects returned by begin() and end() don't need to be actual iterators. They must meet the following requirements:
- Implement pre- , ensuring valid initialization expressions.
- Implement binary != for boolean comparison.
- Implement unary * to provide a value for assigning to the loop variable.
- Expose a public destructor.
Decoupled Types
In C 17, the types of begin and end have been decoupled. This allows the end iterator to have a different type than the begin iterator. This is useful for "sentinel" iterators that only support != with the begin iterator type, enabling efficient iteration over null-terminated char buffers.
Library Extension Example
Consider a library type some_struct_you_do_not_control that contains a vector of integers but doesn't have begin() and end() methods.
namespace library_ns {
struct some_struct_you_do_not_control {
std::vector<int> data;
};
}
To make this type iterable, you can add the following functions to the library_ns namespace:
namespace library_ns {
int* begin(some_struct_you_do_not_control& x){ return x.data.data(); }
int* end(some_struct_you_do_not_control& x){ return x.data.data()+x.data.size(); }
int const* cbegin(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return x.data.data(); }
int* cend(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return x.data.data()+x.data.size(); }
int const* begin(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return cbegin(x); }
int const* end(some_struct_you_do_not_control const& x){ return cend(x); }
}
Now, you can iterate over the vector using range-based for loops:
library_ns::some_struct_you_do_not_control s;
for (int i : s) {
// ...
}
Custom Type Example
For a custom type you control, you can define the begin() and end() methods directly within the type:
struct egg_carton {
std::vector<egg> eggs;
auto begin() { return eggs.begin(); }
auto end() { return eggs.end(); }
// ...
};The above is the detailed content of How Can I Make My Custom Types Iterable Using Range-Based For Loops in C ?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
Hot AI Tools
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
C Polymorphism : is function overloading a kind of polymorphism?
Jun 20, 2025 am 12:05 AM
Yes, function overloading is a polymorphic form in C, specifically compile-time polymorphism. 1. Function overload allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameter lists. 2. The compiler decides which function to call at compile time based on the provided parameters. 3. Unlike runtime polymorphism, function overloading has no extra overhead at runtime, and is simple to implement but less flexible.
What Are the Different Kinds of Polymorphism in C ? Explained
Jun 20, 2025 am 12:08 AM
C has two main polymorphic types: compile-time polymorphism and run-time polymorphism. 1. Compilation-time polymorphism is implemented through function overloading and templates, providing high efficiency but may lead to code bloating. 2. Runtime polymorphism is implemented through virtual functions and inheritance, providing flexibility but performance overhead.
C : Is Polymorphism really useful?
Jun 20, 2025 am 12:01 AM
Yes, polymorphisms in C are very useful. 1) It provides flexibility to allow easy addition of new types; 2) promotes code reuse and reduces duplication; 3) simplifies maintenance, making the code easier to expand and adapt to changes. Despite performance and memory management challenges, its advantages are particularly significant in complex systems.
C Destructors: Common Errors
Jun 20, 2025 am 12:12 AM
C destructorscanleadtoseveralcommonerrors.Toavoidthem:1)Preventdoubledeletionbysettingpointerstonullptrorusingsmartpointers.2)Handleexceptionsindestructorsbycatchingandloggingthem.3)Usevirtualdestructorsinbaseclassesforproperpolymorphicdestruction.4
Polymorphism in C : A Comprehensive Guide with Examples
Jun 21, 2025 am 12:11 AM
Polymorphisms in C are divided into runtime polymorphisms and compile-time polymorphisms. 1. Runtime polymorphism is implemented through virtual functions, allowing the correct method to be called dynamically at runtime. 2. Compilation-time polymorphism is implemented through function overloading and templates, providing higher performance and flexibility.
C tutorial for people who know Python
Jul 01, 2025 am 01:11 AM
People who study Python transfer to C The most direct confusion is: Why can't you write like Python? Because C, although the syntax is more complex, provides underlying control capabilities and performance advantages. 1. In terms of syntax structure, C uses curly braces {} instead of indentation to organize code blocks, and variable types must be explicitly declared; 2. In terms of type system and memory management, C does not have an automatic garbage collection mechanism, and needs to manually manage memory and pay attention to releasing resources. RAII technology can assist resource management; 3. In functions and class definitions, C needs to explicitly access modifiers, constructors and destructors, and supports advanced functions such as operator overloading; 4. In terms of standard libraries, STL provides powerful containers and algorithms, but needs to adapt to generic programming ideas; 5
What Are the Various Forms of Polymorphism in C ?
Jun 20, 2025 am 12:21 AM
C polymorphismincludescompile-time,runtime,andtemplatepolymorphism.1)Compile-timepolymorphismusesfunctionandoperatoroverloadingforefficiency.2)Runtimepolymorphismemploysvirtualfunctionsforflexibility.3)Templatepolymorphismenablesgenericprogrammingfo
C Polymorphism: Coding Style
Jun 19, 2025 am 12:25 AM
C polymorphismisuniqueduetoitscombinationofcompile-timeandruntimepolymorphism,allowingforbothefficiencyandflexibility.Toharnessitspowerstylishly:1)Usesmartpointerslikestd::unique_ptrformemorymanagement,2)Ensurebaseclasseshavevirtualdestructors,3)Emp
