Cross Browser CSS Rotation Using jQuery.animate()

In pursuit of creating a cross-browser compatible rotation, a common obstacle arises when encountering jQuery's .animate() method. While CSS transformations have become ubiquitous, they remain elusive in the realm of animation. This article addresses the issue, providing a solution that enables rotation using .animate() and maintaining compatibility across browsers.

The Problem

Consider the following code snippet:

$(document).ready(function () { 
    DoRotate(30);
    AnimateRotate(30);
});

function DoRotate(d) {

    $("#MyDiv1").css({
          '-moz-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          '-webkit-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          '-o-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          '-ms-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          'transform': 'rotate('+d+'deg)'
     });  
}

function AnimateRotate(d) {

        $("#MyDiv2").animate({
          '-moz-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          '-webkit-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          '-o-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          '-ms-transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)',
          'transform':'rotate('+d+'deg)'
     }, 1000); 
}

This code effectively rotates an element with ID "MyDiv1" using .css(), but the rotation does not occur when calling .animate() on "MyDiv2." This disparity arises because CSS-Transforms are not inherently compatible with animation using jQuery.

The Solution

To animate CSS-Transforms with jQuery, a workaround can be implemented using the .animate() method with a step callback:

function AnimateRotate(angle) {
    // caching the object for performance reasons
    var $elem = $('#MyDiv2');

    // we use a pseudo object for the animation
    // (starts from `0` to `angle`), you can name it as you want
    $({deg: 0}).animate({deg: angle}, {
        duration: 2000,
        step: function(now) {
            // in the step-callback (that is fired each step of the animation),
            // you can use the `now` paramter which contains the current
            // animation-position (`0` up to `angle`)
            $elem.css({
                transform: 'rotate(' + now + 'deg)'
            });
        }
    });
}

In this solution, a pseudo-object is animated from 0 degrees to the specified angle. Each step of this animation updates the CSS transform property of the element, effectively rotating it smoothly over the specified duration.

jQuery Plugin

To simplify the process, you can create a jQuery plugin that encapsulates the animation:

$.fn.animateRotate = function(angle, duration, easing, complete) {
  return this.each(function() {
    var $elem = $(this);

    $({deg: 0}).animate({deg: angle}, {
      duration: duration,
      easing: easing,
      step: function(now) {
        $elem.css({
           transform: 'rotate(' + now + 'deg)'
         });
      },
      complete: complete || $.noop
    });
  });
};

Usage:

$('#MyDiv2').animateRotate(90);

This plugin provides a convenient syntax for animating rotations.

Conclusion

By leveraging the step callback within jQuery's .animate() method, you can now achieve cross-browser compatible rotation animations for elements using CSS-Transforms. This technique allows for smooth rotations, even in older browsers that do not natively support CSS-Transforms.

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