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Home Web Front-end CSS Tutorial How to Create a Fixed Header and Column in a Table Using Only CSS?

How to Create a Fixed Header and Column in a Table Using Only CSS?

Dec 08, 2024 am 09:08 AM

How to Create a Fixed Header and Column in a Table Using Only CSS?

Fixed Header and Column in a Table Using Pure CSS

Creating a table with a fixed header and a fixed first column using pure CSS can be achieved using the position: sticky property. This approach is more efficient and cross-browser compatible than solutions relying on JavaScript or jQuery.

Solution:

  1. Wrap the table in a container:

    `

    `

  2. Enable scrolling on the container:

    `div.container {
    overflow: scroll;
    }`

  3. Sticky the table header:

    `thead th {
    position: -webkit-sticky; / for Safari /
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    }`

  4. Sticky the first column:

    `tbody th {
    position: -webkit-sticky; / for Safari /
    position: sticky;
    left: 0;
    }`

  5. Optional: Sticky the header of the first column to the top left:

    `thead th:first-child {
    left: 0;
    z-index: 2;
    }`

Additional Notes:

  • For optimal performance, the container should have a maximum width and height set.
  • If the first column contains elements instead of , use tbody td:first-child in CSS instead of tbody th.
  • To style the header and first column further, adjust the CSS properties as needed.

Example:

<div class="container">
  <table border="1">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>#</th>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Email</th>
        <th>Phone</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <th>1</th>
        <td>John Doe</td>
        <td>john@example.com</td>
        <td>(555) 123-4567</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <th>2</th>
        <td>Jane Smith</td>
        <td>jane@example.com</td>
        <td>(555) 234-5678</td>
      </tr>
      <!-- More rows... -->
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
div.container {
  max-width: 500px;
  max-height: 300px;
  overflow: scroll;
}

thead th {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}

tbody th {
  position: sticky;
  left: 0;
}

thead th:first-child {
  left: 0;
  z-index: 2;
}

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