Forms are something every developer encounters, whether as a user or on the developer side. They’re essential on most websites, but their complexity can vary wildly—from simple 3-field contact forms to giga-monster-t-rex, multi-page forms with 150 fields, dynamic validation, and asynchronous checks.

In this post, we’ll explore how React Hook Form, Zod, and Shadcn can be used to create an adaptable, developer-friendly solution that handles a wide range of form requirements with ease.

The form we’ll be building

Here’s the form we’ll be developing in this post. I plan on writing another post about an advanced use of forms that will have even more complexity as a follow-up, so stay tuned ?

Meet the tools

Let’s look at the stack we’ll use to build and manage our forms.

React and Wasp

• Framework: Wasp (full-stack framework for React, Node.js, and Prisma).
• Enables fast, efficient full-stack web development and deployment with React.

React Hook Form

• Lightweight library for crafting forms in React, mainly via its useForm hook.
• Handles form validation, error management, and offers flexible validation method and integration with various UI component libraries.

Zod

• TypeScript-first validation library for creating detailed, reusable validation schemas.
• Integrates with TypeScript types to keep validation unified and avoid duplication.

Shadcn/UI

• Collection of reusable UI components which are embedded directly in project, which allows developers to take only what they need and customize those components as well.
• Offers built-in support for React Hook Form and Zod.

Here’s an example snippet showcasing a form field in Shadcn library:

<FormField
  control={form.control}
  name="name"
  render={({ field }) => (
    <FormItem>
      <FormLabel>Name</FormLabel>
      <FormControl>
        <Input {...field} />
      </FormControl>
      <FormMessage />
    </FormItem>
  )}
/>

Even if you prefer using a different flavor of the stack, as long as you stick with React and RHF, this is still a valid example that will get you going.

Let’s build a simple user dashboard

The application we'll use to demonstrate basic forms is an admin panel with essential CRUD operations. It will include email and password authentication and consist of two pages: a main screen displaying a table of all users, and a user creation page, which will be the star of this article.

Our form will include validation to ensure users cannot submit it (i.e., create a new user) without meeting the specified requirements. The User object is an excellent candidate for validation examples, as it contains a variety of data types suitable for different validations: strings, dates (e.g., date of birth), email strings, and booleans (e.g., premium user status). The complete Prisma schema file is shown below.

<FormField
  control={form.control}
  name="name"
  render={({ field }) => (
    <FormItem>
      <FormLabel>Name</FormLabel>
      <FormControl>
        <Input {...field} />
      </FormControl>
      <FormMessage />
    </FormItem>
  )}
/>

To jumpstart our project, we’ll use a predefined Wasp template with TypeScript, called todo-ts. This template comes with ready-made components and routing for authentication, including login and signup screens. It also offers a solid example of how CRUD operations work in Wasp, ideal if you’re new to the framework. Additionally, we’ll leverage the new Wasp TypeScript SDK to manage our configuration, as it provides extended flexibility for customization.

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Putting it all together - Zod schema React Hook Form instance layout

To work with forms, we’ll start by defining a Zod validation schema. Our form has three data types: strings, a date, and a boolean. We’ll apply validation to most fields: name and surname are required, while email utilises the built-in e-mail validation. Zod simplifies validating common string types with built-in validations for different types, like emails, URLs, and UUIDs, which is helpful for our email field.

For additional validations, the date can’t be set to a future date, and the premiumUser field simply needs to be a boolean. Zod also provides default validation error messages, but these can be customized. For example, instead of name: z.string().min(1), we could specify name: z.string().min(1, 'Name is required').

<FormField
  control={form.control}
  name="name"
  render={({ field }) => (
    <FormItem>
      <FormLabel>Name</FormLabel>
      <FormControl>
        <Input {...field} />
      </FormControl>
      <FormMessage />
    </FormItem>
  )}
/>

Our form is managed by the useForm hook from React Hook Form, which provides extensive options for handling and validating form values, checking errors, and managing form state. To integrate our Zod validation schema, we’ll use a Zod resolver, allowing React Hook Form to apply the validations we defined earlier.

The form’s defaultValues are derived from the customer object. Since this component is used for both adding new customers and editing existing ones, we’ll pass the necessary data as input. For a new customer, some sensible default values are used; for existing customers, data is retrieved from the database. Apart from setting default values and determining whether to call createCustomer or updateCustomer, all other aspects of form handling remain the same.

model Customer {
  id    Int    @id @default(autoincrement())
  name  String
  surname String
  email String
  dateOfBirth DateTime
  premiumUser Boolean
}

The final step is to create the form itself and assemble it in the TSX file. As shown earlier, this process is straightforward. Whether we’re using text inputs, date pickers, or checkboxes with Shadcn controls, we follow a similar structure:

• Start by creating the FormField element and setting its control, name, and render properties.
• The render property is key, as it contains the form element itself.
• Typically, we wrap everything in FormItem, add a FormLabel for the label, and place the controlled form element inside FormControl with the appropriate value and setter method.
• Finally, we include FormMessage below, which displays the Zod validation message if validation fails.

  const formSchema = z.object({
    name: z.string().min(1, { message: 'Name is required' }),
    surname: z.string().min(1, { message: 'Surname is required' }),
    email: z.string().email({ message: 'Invalid email address' }),
    dateOfBirth: z
      .date()
      .max(new Date(), { message: 'Date cannot be in the future' }),
    premiumUser: z.boolean(),
  });

If you’re curious to see the completed application, check out the GitHub repository here: GitHub Repo. I hope this article has made working with forms easier, and if you're interested in more form-related content, stay tuned for part two! In the next part, we'll dive into advanced patterns and validation techniques to enhance your applications.

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