Implications of Integrating C Code in C
When working with C and external C code, it becomes necessary to bridge the gap between their distinct code structures. Integrating C headers within C introduces compatibility challenges due to differences in compilation and linking. This article explores why and how the use of "extern "C"" addresses these issues.
Why Use "extern "C"{ #include
While superficially similar, C and C compilers produce vastly different code. C compilers anticipate C syntax within included header files. However, if a C header is included, the compiler expects it to adhere to C's data formatting, specifically its Application Binary Interface (ABI). This disparity confuses the linker, making it preferable to avoid passing C data to C functions.
Understanding the Compiler/Linker Mismatch
C 's ABI typically alters function and method names. For instance, when attempting to call the "printf()" function without flagging its prototype as a C function, the C compiler generates code that calls "_Zprintf," leading to additional complications.
Resolving the Problem with "extern "C""
To resolve this incompatibility, C headers should be included using "extern "C" {...}". This instructs the compiler to interpret the included code as C, ensuring a match between compiled code formats and preventing linker errors. While some system C headers already consider potential inclusion in C code and apply "extern "C" automatically, this directive is crucial for non-adjusted headers.
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