Importing

import pygame
import sys

Pygame is the module we are using to make games. It provided us with tools for graphics, sound, and more.

sys is a module in Python that helps us interact with the Python interpreter.

Intializes

pygame.init()

Initializes all the Pygame modules and makes them ready to use.

Constants

#dimensions
WIDTH, HEIGHT=800,600
#frame rate
FPS=60
#the paddles at the side of ping pong
PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT=15,90
#the balls radius
BALL_RADIUS=15
#the color of the ball and paddle
WHITE=(255, 255, 255)

• WIDTH and HEIGHT: Dimensions of the game window. 800px is for the width and 600px is for the height
• FPS: Frames per second, which controls the game’s speed and smoothness.
• PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT: Dimensions of the paddles.
• BALL_RADIUS: Radius of the ball.
• WHITE: The RGB value for white, is used for paddles, ball, and text.

Make a Screen

screen=pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Ping Pong")

you will have a window named Ping Pong with the assigned WIDTH and HEIGHT

Paddles and Ball setup

left_paddle=pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

right_paddle=pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT //2- PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADUIS *2, BALL_RADIUS *2)

In Pygame the left top corner of the screen represents (0,0) in coordinates.

• pygame.Rect: Is used to create rectangles in pygame(used here for the paddles and the ball).

pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)

• left_paddle: Positioned near the left side of the screen, vertically centered.

pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

1. First, we position the left paddle 50px towards the right from the left side.

2. Then we do HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2 because if you just did HEIGHT//2 it will look like the way it is in the picture. It goes down the screen. To center it we do - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2

This is what we did for the right paddle to center it.

• right_paddle: Positioned near the right side of the screen, vertically centered.

right_paddle=pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT //2- PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

• ball: Initially positioned in the center of the screen.

ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADUIS *2, BALL_RADIUS *2)

For the ball to center it, we subtracted by the radius.

Speed

ball_speed_x=7
ball_speed_y=7
paddle_speed=10

ball_speed_x and ball_speed_y controls the horizontal and vertical speed of the ball.

paddle_speed: Controls the movement speed of the paddles.

Score Variables

import pygame
import sys

• left_score and right_score: Track the scores of the players.
• font: Used to render text on the screen for scores. None uses the default font, and 55 is the font size.

Function to draw everything

pygame.init()

• fill((0, 0, 0)): Fills the screen with black (RGB: 0, 0, 0).
• pygame.draw.rect: Draws the rectangular paddles.
• pygame.draw.ellipse: Draws the ball as a circle (bounded by the rectangle ball).

Draw the center line

#dimensions
WIDTH, HEIGHT=800,600
#frame rate
FPS=60
#the paddles at the side of ping pong
PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT=15,90
#the balls radius
BALL_RADIUS=15
#the color of the ball and paddle
WHITE=(255, 255, 255)

• Draws a vertical center line to divide the playing field.

Draw Scores

screen=pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Ping Pong")

Renders the scores for both players and positions them on the screen.

Update the screen

left_paddle=pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

right_paddle=pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT //2- PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADUIS *2, BALL_RADIUS *2)

Updates the display with the latest changes.

pygame.Rect(x, y, width, height)

Keeps the game running indefinitely.

pygame.Rect(50, HEIGHT//2 - PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

This will go through all the events that can happen in pygame and if one of them is closing the window then quit pygame and close the window.

Paddle Controls

right_paddle=pygame.Rect(WIDTH - 50 - PADDLE_WIDTH, HEIGHT //2- PADDLE_HEIGHT //2, PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT)

Detects key presses:

• W and S: Move the left paddle up and down.
  • pygame.K_w is the w key
  • pygame.K_s is the s key
• UP and DOWN: Move the right paddle up and down.
  • pygame.K_UP is the up key
  • pygame.K_DOWN is the down key
• Includes checks to prevent paddles from moving off the screen.
  • left_paddle.top > 0checks to see if top of paddles coordinates is greater than 0. To check to see if it is hitting the top of the screen when you click W.
  • left_paddle.bottom < HEIGHTchecks to see if bottom of paddles coordinates is greater than height of the screen. To check to see if it is hitting the bottom of the screen when you click K.
  • right_paddle.top > 0checks to see if top of paddles coordinates is greater than 0. To check to see if it is hitting the top of the screen when you click Up key.
  • right_paddle.bottom < HEIGHTchecks to see if bottom of paddles coordinates is greater than height of the screen. To check to see if it is hitting the bottom of the screen when you click Down key.

Ball movement

ball=pygame.Rect(WIDTH //2 - BALL_RADIUS, HEIGHT //2 - BALL_RADIUS, BALL_RADUIS *2, BALL_RADIUS *2)

Moves the ball by adding its speed to its current position

Ball collision with top and bottom walls

ball_speed_x=7
ball_speed_y=7
paddle_speed=10

Reverses the ball's vertical direction if it hits the top or bottom of the screen

Ball collision with paddles

import pygame
import sys

Reverses the ball's horizontal direction if it collides with a paddle.

Scoring

pygame.init()

• Updates the score if the ball goes out of bounds.
• Resets the ball to the center and reverses its direction.

Timing

#dimensions
WIDTH, HEIGHT=800,600
#frame rate
FPS=60
#the paddles at the side of ping pong
PADDLE_WIDTH, PADDLE_HEIGHT=15,90
#the balls radius
BALL_RADIUS=15
#the color of the ball and paddle
WHITE=(255, 255, 255)

Limits the game to run at a maximum of 60 frames per second, ensuring smooth gameplay.

Full code

screen=pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("Ping Pong")

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