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Technical Articles

Database

Mysql Tutorial

Implementing point-in-time recovery for MySQL databases

TorestoreaMySQLdatabasetoaspecificpointintime,firstensureyouhaveafullbackupandbinarylogsenabled.1)Enablebinaryloggingbyconfiguringlog_binandserver_idinmy.cnf/my.iniandoptionallysetexpire_logs_days.2)Restorethelatestfullbackupusingmysql-uroot-p

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:27 AM

Configuring connection pooling for MySQL applications

Connection pooling can effectively reduce the overhead of frequently creating and destroying connections and avoid database connection exhaustion. 1. Each time a new connection is established, it consumes resources and time. Under high concurrency, it will lead to increased latency, increased load and exceeded the maximum number of connections limit; 2. The connection pool is pre-created at the application startup and reused after use to improve efficiency and control resource consumption; 3. The selection needs to consider performance (such as HikariCP), feature richness (such as Druid), integration, community support, etc.; 4. The core configuration includes the minimum number of idle connections (5~10), maximum number of connections (no more than 80% of the database limit), connection timeout (within 30s), idle timeout (several minutes to more than ten minutes), etc.; 5. Common misunderstanding is that the maximum number of connections is set too large, and it should be combined with pressure measurement and adjustment.

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:26 AM

mysql connection pool

Exploring MySQL geographic data types and functions

MySQLsupportsgeographicdatatypesandfunctionsforlocation-basedapplications.①ItoffersspatialtypeslikePOINT,LINESTRING,POLYGON,andGEOMETRYCOLLECTIONtostoregeometricdata.②UserscaninsertandquerydatausingWKTformatwithfunctionslikePOINT()andST_Distance_Sphe

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:23 AM

Securing your MySQL database against common threats

To improve the security of MySQL database, we need to start from four aspects: access control, password management, backup mechanism and minimize configuration. Specifically, it includes: 1. Restrict access permissions, only allow specific IP connections and create a dedicated account; 2. Use a strong password and enable authentication plug-ins, such as validate_password; 3. Regularly backup data and test the recovery process to ensure that the data can be restored; 4. Turn off unnecessary functions and services, such as deleting test databases, disabling anonymous users and unwanted plug-ins. These measures can effectively prevent most common threats and ensure the safe and stable operation of the database.

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:18 AM

Resolving deadlocks in MySQL applications

MySQL deadlock is caused by multiple transactions being cross-waited for resources, and can be reduced by unified access order, shortening transaction time, and rational use of indexes. For example, when transaction A and transaction B hold different resources respectively and request each other's resources, a deadlock will be formed; through the SHOWENGINEINNODBSTATUS command, you can view detailed deadlock logs, analyze transaction SQL, lock types and related rows; during development, access orders should be unified to avoid orders first and then users or the opposite; shorten transaction execution time and reduce lock occupation; ensure that WHERE conditions hit indexes to reduce lock range; batch updates are sorted by primary keys; the application layer captures 1213 error codes and retrys transactions; occasional deadlocks are normal, and frequent occurrences require combining logs and business optimization.

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:13 AM

mysql deadlock

Working with JSON data types in MySQL

MySQL supports JSON data types since 5.7, which can be used to store and operate JSON data; 1. When storing, you need to use JSON type fields and ensure the format is correct; 2. You can query the JSON_EXTRACT or -> operator to extract the field values; 3. Modify functions such as JSON_SET to update the content; 4. In terms of performance, you cannot directly index internal fields, which can be implemented by generating columns; 5. JSON is more suitable for scenarios where more reads, fewer writes and less structures are not complicated.

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:10 AM

Improving MySQL full-text search performance

To improve the full-text search performance of MySQL, it is necessary to optimize from index, configuration, query statements and external tools. 1. Use full-text index reasonably, avoid redundant fields and whole table indexes, use prefix indexes appropriately and customize stop words; 2. Adjust system parameters such as ft_min_word_len and InnoDB full-text cache size, and execute OPTIMIZETABLE regularly; 3. Optimize query statements, limit wildcard usage, add filter conditions, and cooperate with LIMIT paging; 4. High-demand scenarios can introduce external search engines such as Elasticsearch to improve capabilities and reduce the burden on MySQL.

Jul 03, 2025 am 02:03 AM

mysql research all

Understanding MySQL server variables and status variables

MySQLservervariables control server behavior, while statusvariables reflect running status. 1. Servervariables (system variables) determine the server behavior, such as connection restrictions, cache size, etc., which are divided into global variables and session variables. They can be viewed through SHOWVARIABLES and modified some variables with SET, but some read-only needs to be set in the configuration file; 2. Statusvariables is a read-only variable that displays the running status, such as query count, connection count, etc., and is viewed through SHOWSTATUS for performance monitoring; 3. The usage suggestions include distinguishing the concepts of the two, adjusting the configuration according to monitoring, avoiding blind replication of the configuration, and collecting regularly.

Jul 03, 2025 am 01:55 AM

Using generated columns in MySQL 5.7 and higher

GeneratedcolumnsinMySQL5.7 automaticallyderivevaluesfromothercolumns,improvingefficiencyandreducingapplicationlogic.1.Theycomeintwotypes:virtual(computedonread)andstored(computedonwrite).2.DefinethemusingGENERATEDALWAYSASwithanexpression,specifyingVI

Jul 03, 2025 am 01:47 AM

mysql Generate columns

Using triggers for automation in MySQL databases

There is a trigger function in MySQL, which can be automated by automatically executing specified logic when table operations are performed. Triggers are special stored procedures that will automatically trigger when INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE operations. For example, AFTERINSERT can be used to update customer consumption amount after inserting an order. Common uses include automatic updates to fields, data audits, maintaining consistency and restricting illegal operations. Create a syntax of CREATETRIGGER and specify the event timing and operation type, and use NEW or OLD to reference old and new data. When using it, you need to pay attention to performance impact, debugging difficulties and maintainability issues. It is recommended to keep the logic concise, the naming is clear and the notes are added.

Jul 03, 2025 am 01:43 AM

Key MySQL configuration parameters for performance (my.cnf)

The key to MySQL performance tuning lies in the rational configuration of my.cnf parameters. 1. Innodb_buffer_pool_size is recommended to set to 50%~80% of physical memory. For example, 64GB of memory can be set to 48G to improve data and index cache efficiency; 2. max_connections can be set to 500 or higher according to concurrency requirements to avoid connection timeouts; 3. For MySQL5.7 and previous versions, query cache should be turned off in scenarios that write more and read less (query_cache_type=0, query_cache_size=0), read-only scenarios can be enabled and set to 64M~256M; 4.tmp_table_size and max_heap_t

Jul 03, 2025 am 01:15 AM

mysql performance my.cnf configuration

Migrating data between different MySQL versions or servers

TomovedatabetweenMySQLversionsorservers,useappropriatemethodswhileaddressingversiondifferences,charactersets,andtransfertechniques.1.Forbasictransfers,utilizemysqldumpwithproperoptionslike--single-transactionand--default-character-settoensureconsiste

Jul 03, 2025 am 01:14 AM

mysql data migration

Optimizing JOIN operations in complex MySQL queries

TooptimizeMySQLJOINoperations,firstchoosetheappropriateJOINtype—INNERJOINformatchingrows,LEFTJOINorRIGHTJOINonlywhenneeded,andavoidCROSSJOINunlessnecessary.Second,indextheJOINcolumnsproperly,usingcompositeindexeswhereapplicable,andensuredatatypesmatc

Jul 03, 2025 am 01:11 AM

Troubleshooting MySQL connection refused errors

MySQL connectionrefused errors are usually caused by the service not running, the port is blocked, the firewall restriction, or the connection address is wrong. 1. First, confirm whether the MySQL service is running normally. You can check through systemctlstatusmysql or psaux|grepmysqld. If it is not started, execute the systemctlstartmysql startup service and check the log for abnormalities. 2. Check whether port 3306 is listening, use the netstat-tuln or ss-tuln command to verify, and if it is not listening, check the bind-address configuration in my.cnf. 3. Check whether the firewall or security group releases the port.

Jul 03, 2025 am 12:58 AM