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Table of Contents
1. Not verifying user input leads to injection attacks
2. Lack of CSRF protection mechanism
3. The file upload function is not designed rigorously
4. Over-trust HTTP methods or sources
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial php post security vulnerabilities

php post security vulnerabilities

Jul 02, 2025 pm 02:19 PM

PHP's POST request needs to be paid attention to security issues. Key points include: 1. Verify user input to prevent injection attacks, use preprocessing statements, casting and filtering functions; 2. Add CSRF protection mechanisms, such as one-time tokens and checking HTTP_REFERER headers; 3. Strictly limit file upload functions, check MIME types, extensions, and file header information, and prohibit execution of scripts; 4. However, trust HTTP methods or sources, authenticate and authenticate all sensitive operations. These measures can effectively improve safety.

php post security vulnerabilities

PHP's POST request itself is a common way to process form data, API interfaces, etc., but if used improperly, it can easily become an entry point for security vulnerabilities. Many websites are attacked often start with a seemingly ordinary POST request. The following key points are what you must pay attention to when processing POST data in PHP.

php post security vulnerabilities

1. Not verifying user input leads to injection attacks

If the data transmitted from POST request is not filtered and verified, it is directly used for database query, system command execution and other operations, which is very easy to cause problems such as SQL injection and command injection.

php post security vulnerabilities

suggestion:

  • Never splice the value of $_POST directly into SQL or shell commands
  • Use preprocessing statements such as PDO to prevent SQL injection
  • For fields of numeric types, cast (such as (int)$_POST['id'] )
  • Filter strings, such as using htmlspecialchars() or filter_var()

For example:

php post security vulnerabilities
 $stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (?, ?)');
$stmt->execute([$_POST['name'], $_POST['email']]);

In this way, even if the user submits malicious content, it will not be executed directly.


2. Lack of CSRF protection mechanism

CSRF (cross-site request forgery) is a common attack method. The attacker induces the user to access a link or image and secretly initiates a POST request to your website, such as password modification, transfer and other sensitive operations.

suggestion:

  • Add a one-time token to form or interface for all important operations
  • Each time a token is generated, the session is stored and verified when submitting
  • Set the SameSite cookie attribute to Strict or Lax
  • Check the HTTP_REFERER header (although it is not omnipotent, it can add a layer of protection)

A simple token verification process:

 // Generate tokens
$_SESSION['token'] = bin2hex(random_bytes(50));

// Add hidden fields to the form echo &#39;<input type="hidden" name="token" value="&#39; . $_SESSION[&#39;token&#39;] . &#39;">&#39;;

// Verify when submitting if (!isset($_POST[&#39;token&#39;]) || $_POST[&#39;token&#39;] !== $_SESSION[&#39;token&#39;]) {
    die(&#39;illegal request&#39;);
}

3. The file upload function is not designed rigorously

Many websites allow users to upload files through POST. If the restrictions are not strict enough, attackers may upload script files such as .php and .phtml to gain server control permissions.

suggestion:

  • Do not rely on the client to detect file types (such as JS judgment)
  • The server must check the MIME type, extension, and file header information
  • Set the upload directory to non-executable PHP scripts (such as configuring .htaccess or Nginx rules)
  • File names should be randomized as much as possible to avoid user control

For example, a method to check the extension:

 $allowed = [&#39;jpg&#39;, &#39;jpeg&#39;, &#39;png&#39;, &#39;gif&#39;];
$ext = pathinfo($_FILES[&#39;file&#39;][&#39;name&#39;], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
if (!in_array(strtolower($ext), $allowed)) {
    die(&#39;not allowed file types&#39;);
}

4. Over-trust HTTP methods or sources

Some people think that only the front-end page they write will send POST requests, but in fact anyone can simulate POST requests through tools. For example, use Postman or curl to send any parameters.

suggestion:

  • Don't just rely on whether it is a POST request to determine security
  • All sensitive operations must be authenticated (such as login status, permission check)
  • When using API interfaces, add authentication mechanisms (such as JWT, API Key)
  • Logging suspicious behavior, such as large number of requests in a short period of time

For example, simple login verification logic:

 if ($_SERVER[&#39;REQUEST_METHOD&#39;] === &#39;POST&#39;) {
    if (!is_user_logged_in()) {
        http_response_code(401);
        echo json_encode([&#39;error&#39; => &#39;Unauthorized&#39;]);
        exit;
    }

    // Normal processing logic}

These security issues seem common, but are often overlooked in actual development. Many people think that "it's just a POST request", but they leave a big pit. In fact, as long as you develop good habits, such as verifying input, using security functions, adding tokens, restricting uploads, etc., you can avoid most risks.

Basically that's it.

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