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How Can I Create a Table with a Fixed Header and Fixed First Column Using Only CSS?
How Can I Create a Table with a Fixed Header and Fixed First Column Using Only CSS?
Jan 01, 2025 am 08:52 AM
Table with Fixed Header and Fixed Column Using Pure CSS
Creating a table with a fixed header and fixed first column without JavaScript presents challenges on mobile browsers. This article explores a pure CSS-based solution that achieves this functionality effectively.
Solution Using CSS Sticky Positioning:
Modern web browsers support the position: sticky property, which allows elements to stick to specific edges of their containing block, either horizontally (left/right) or vertically (top/bottom). By leveraging this property, we can achieve a fixed table header and fixed first column.
Steps for Implementation:
- Create a Container: Place your table inside a container element that will handle the scrolling.
- Enable Scrolling on Container: Specify overflow: scroll on the container to enable horizontal/vertical scrolling.
- Stick Header and First Column Cells: Use sticky positioning for the table headers (thead th) to stick to the top and for the first column cells (tbody th) to stick to the left.
- Fix Header on Left Column: To ensure the header cell in the first column remains fixed, set left: 0 and z-index: 2 on thead th:first-child. Z-index is used to ensure the header cell stays on top of the emulated border in the tbody th style.
- Emulate Border for First Column: Browsers tend to drop borders on sticky elements. To address this, we emulate the border-right using a box-shadow on tbody th.
CSS Code:
/* Enable scrolling on container */
div.container {
max-width: 400px;
max-height: 150px;
overflow: scroll;
}
/* Stick header cells to top */
thead th {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
}
/* Stick first column cells to left */
tbody th {
position: sticky;
left: 0;
}
/* Stick first column header cell on the left */
thead th:first-child {
left: 0;
z-index: 2;
}
/* Emulate border for first column */
tbody th {
border-right: 1px solid #CCC;
box-shadow: 1px 0 0 0 #ccc;
}
Conclusion:
By combining a scrolling container and sticky positioning, we can create a fixed table header and fixed first column without relying on JavaScript. This solution is widely supported by modern browsers and provides a smooth scrolling experience on both desktop and mobile devices.
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